Relationships among driving styles, desire for control, illusion of control, and self-reported driving behaviors

Abstract

Objective

A correlational study examined relationships among driving styles, 4 subfactors of desire for control, illusion of control, accident concern, self-rated likelihood of being involved in an accident, self-rated driving skill, and self-reported accidents, violations, and close calls.

Methods

An online sample of participants (N = 601) completed (1) the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI); (2) the Desirability of Control Scale (DCS); (3) an Illusion of Control Scale; (4) an accident concern self-rating, (5) a 3-item speed questionnaire; (6) a 4-item accidents, violations, and close calls questionnaire; (7) a driving skill self-rating; and (8) a demographic questionnaire. Scales were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis where appropriate. Exploratory correlational analyses examined relationships among factor scores for subscales and other variables of interest.

Results

The MDSI factored into 6 distinct driving styles, and the DCS factored in 4 subfactors of desire for control. Relationships among driving styles and other variables were used to create profiles of each of 6 driving styles—angry, anxious, cautious, dissociative, risky, and stress reduction—based on relationships among variables examined.

Conclusions

Our results may help to identify traits that are related to driving behaviors. In general, our results showed that several maladaptive driving styles (dissociative, risky, and angry) were negatively correlated with 2 subscales of desire for control (desire to proactively seek control and desire to control making decisions) and positively correlated with illusion of control. Cautious driving style, which is adaptive, showed the opposite pattern. We also produced evidence to support the construct validity of the MDSI and added to the growing literature suggesting that the MDSI factors into 6 distinct driving styles.

Keywords:

• Driving styles
• desire for control
• illusion of control

Acknowledgments

This article reports an analysis of a subset of data from a larger study on acceptance of automation in vehicles (Nees et al. 2020).

Additional information

Funding

Parts of this research were supported by an R.K. Mellon Summer Research Fellowship awarded to the first author by the Lafayette College Academic Research Committee.