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Abstract
The present study determined which self-reported sleep variables and daytime impairment measures are most closely associated with sleep quality ratings (SQR) in men and women with insomnia. The participants were 137 people with insomnia, 56 men and 81 women. Multiple regression found that for men, sleep efficiency best predicted SQR, explaining 26.9% of variance. A similar analysis was conducted for women. After race was entered as a covariate, number of awakenings and total sleep time were significant predictors of SQR. Collectively, race, number of awakenings, and total sleep time explained 35.7% of variance. This suggests that the middle-of-the-night experience predicts sleep quality rating in women with insomnia, whereas the full night experience predicts sleep quality ratings in men with insomnia.
Notes
Note. *p < .05.
**p < .01. SOL = sleep onset latency. NWAK = number of awakenings. WASO = wake time after sleep onset. TST = total sleep time. SE = sleep efficiency. SQR = sleep quality rating. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory. STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait Scale, Form Y. IIS = Insomnia Impact Scale. FSS = Fatigue Severity Scale. ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Note. *p < .05.
**p < .01. SQR = sleep quality rating. SOL = sleep onset latency. NWAK = number of awakenings. WASO = wake time after sleep onset. TST = total sleep time. SE = sleep efficiency. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory. STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait Scale, Form Y. IIS = Insomnia Impact Scale. FSS = Fatigue Severity Scale. ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale.