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ABSTRACT
This article discusses three most potential operators in the electric vehicle (EV) market of China, including power companies, battery manufacturers and gasoline enterprises. We propose five commercial modes of battery swapping and leasing service (BSLS) and analyze their benefits. The simulation results indicate that oil companies are the least competitive operators, whereas battery manufacturers are the best. It is unadvisable for operators to acquire batteries via leasing. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the increase in vehicle weight, gasoline price, the quantity of EVs and V2G electricity price will expand operators’ profit respectively, while the increase in discount rate works inversely.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees and the editor of this journal.
Funding
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 71473083 and 71373077), Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.9142016), Beijing Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Science (Grant no. 13JGB054), Ministry of Education Doctoral Foundation of China (Grant no.20110036120013), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0850), Beijing Union Cultivate Scientific Research Project and the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities of China.