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Abstract
Membrane-based separation techniques have been used as an efficient process for analyte separation or enrichment and matrix removal. By coupling these techniques to flow-based analysis, sample preparation and analyte detection can be automated and miniaturized. Different membrane separation techniques are available but the most used in flow analysis are gas diffusion, dialysis, supported liquid membranes and polymer inclusion membranes. The current state of the art of membrane-based separations hyphenated with flow techniques is presented along with a discussion of the applications to environmental and food analysis. Moreover, a brief description of gas diffusion, dialysis and membrane extraction techniques is also included.
ABBREVIATIONS
| FIA | = | flow injection analysis |
| GD | = | gas diffusion |
| GDU | = | gas diffusion units |
| LLE | = | liquid-liquid extraction |
| MCFA | = | multicommuted flow analysis |
| MESI | = | membrane extraction with a sorbent interface |
| MMLLE | = | microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction |
| MPFS | = | multipumping flow systems |
| MSFIA | = | multisyringe flow injection analysis |
| NAD+ | = | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| PIMs | = | polymer inclusion membranes |
| PME | = | polymeric membrane extraction |
| SIA | = | sequential injection analysis |
| SLME | = | supported liquid membrane extraction |
| SPE | = | solid-phase extraction |
| μSI-LOV | = | micro-sequential injection lab-on-valve |
Acknowledgments
R.B.R. Mesquita thanks to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and POCH of FSE for the grant SFRH/BPD/112032/2015.
Conflict of interest
There is no known conflict of interest.