Genotype-by-environment interaction for dual-purpose traits in sweetpotato

ABSTRACT

Development of high-yielding dual-purpose sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) genotypes is useful for cultivation in mixed crop-livestock farming systems. The objective of this study was to determine genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for storage root yield (SRY), vine yield (VY), root: vine ratio (RVR), total above-ground and below-ground biomass (TABGB) and root dry matter content (RDMC) among newly developed sweetpotato clones to select promising dual-purpose clones. Forty-five sweetpotato genotypes, of which 32 were newly developed candidate clones, were evaluated across six diverse environments in Rwanda. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyzes were used to analyze GEI. AMMI analysis revealed a relatively larger proportion of the GEI effect for SRY (31.21%), VY (37.17%), RVR (41.73%), TABGB (35.24%) and RDMC (36.23%) than for genotype and environmental effects, suggesting differential response of test genotypes across environments for the assessed traits. GGE-biplot analysis explained total variation of 72.98% for SRY, 83.26% for VY, 74.03% for RVR, 78.82% for TABGB and 56.78% for RDMC. Clone 21 with enhanced SRY and TABGB, and clone 42 for SRY had broad adaptation. For better VY, clone 733 was the best performer in environments E2 and E6 which are designated as mega-environment (MGE) 2, and clone 321 in E1, E3 and E4 (MGE 3). For RVR, clone 577 had best adaptation in E3, E4 and E5 (MGE 1), while clone 460 in E2 and E6 (MGE 2). Clones 42 and 381 were best performers for RDMC with specific adaptation in environments E3 and E1, respectively.

KEYWORDS:

• AMMI
• dual-purpose variety
• fodder crop
• genotype-by-environment interaction
• GEI
• GGE biplot

Acknowledgments

The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is thanked for providing financial support of the study through the African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI) of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The Rwanda Agricultural and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB) is thanked for granting study leave to the first author.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), University of KwaZulu-Natal and The Rwanda Agricultural and Animal Resources Development Board.