ROBERT PHILLIPSON RESPONDS TO HUMPHREY TONKIN'S LANGUAGE AND THE INGENUITY GAP IN SCIENCE: THE EMPIRE OF SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH

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Notes

¹That U.S. monolingualism is recent can be seen from the1966 Webster's Third New International Dictionary, which includes the Britannica World Language Dictionary (1954). This consists of 6,000 words in English and their equivalent in columns for French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Yiddish, plus the same set of words listed for each of the other six languages with translations into English. There are of course some First Nations languages and many immigrant languages in use.

² www.dm.dk

³The full text of the Declaration on a Nordic Language Policy is on http://www.norden.org/da/publikationer/publikationer/2007-746), signed by Ministers from five countries.

⁴ http://www.helsinki.fi/inbrief/strategy/HYn_kieliperiaatteet.pdf

⁵Nazism caused a similar brain drain in the 1930s.

⁶The Guardian Weekly reports (December 4, 2009, Stephen Hoare, p. 40) that the number of English-medium international schools around the world has trebled from around 1,700 to 5,270 in eight years, a sector “now worth $18 billion worldwide and set to double in value by 2020” with expansion mainly in India, the Middle East, and Asia. Presumably many graduates go on to study at Anglo universities.

⁷(http://www.campus.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/researchoffice/graduateeducation/g-eurodoc.pdf)

⁸Footnote 38 refers to a European Parliament Resolution, 2006/2081(INI).