http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-0631
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ABSTRACT
In the recent decades, the energy demand for transport and industrial sector has increased considerably. Fossil fuels which were the major fuel source for decades are no more sustainable. Biodiesel is an efficient alternative compared to depleting fossil fuels. The prospect of biodiesel as the best alternative fuel is a reliable source compared to depleting fossil fuels. Hydrogen is also considered as an attractive alternative fuel producing low emission with improved engine performance. This paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine using hydrogen as an inducted fuel and biodiesel, aka Pongamia pinnata as injected fuel. The experiments are conducted for different quantities of hydrogen induction through the intake manifold in order to improve the performance of the engine. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust temperature and emission quantities like HC, NOX, CO, CO2 of biodiesel fueled CI engine with variable mass flow rate of hydrogen are investigated. The performances of biodiesel combined with hydrogen at varying mass flow rates are also compared. The 10 LPM hydrogen induction with biodiesel provided 0.33% increase of brake thermal efficiency compared with diesel and increase of 3.24% to biodiesel at 80% loading conditions. The emission of HC decreased by 13 ppm, CO decreased by 0.02% by volume and CO2 decreased by 3.8% by volume for biodiesel with induction of hydrogen at 10 LPM to that of neat biodiesel for 80% load conditions.
Nomenclature
| kW: | = | Kilowatts |
| cc: | = | Cubic centimeters |
| g/min: | = | Grams per minute |
| kJ/kWh: | = | Kilojoules per kilowatt hour |
| CA: | = | Crank Angle |
| CI: | = | Compression Ignition |
| rpm: | = | Revolutions per minute |
| ppm: | = | Parts per million |
| LPM: | = | Liters Per Minute |
| BTE: | = | Brake Thermal Efficiency |
| BMEP: | = | Brake Mean Effective Pressure |
| BSEC: | = | Brake Specific Energy Consumption |
| BSFC: | = | Brake Specific Fuel Consumption |
| B20: | = | Biodiesel blend |
| B40: | = | Biodiesel blend |
| B100: | = | Biodiesel blend |
| DAQ: | = | Data Acquisition System |
| FFA: | = | Free Fatty Acid |
| IC: | = | Internal Combustion |
| K10: | = | Karanja biodiesel blend |
| KME: | = | Karanja Methyl Ester |
| KOH: | = | Potassium hydroxide |
| KOME: | = | Karanja Oil Methyl Ester |
| kPa: | = | Kilo Pascal |
| LPM: | = | Litres Per Minute |
| NO2: | = | Nitrogen dioxide |
| NOX: | = | Nitrous Oxides |
| PM: | = | Particulate matter |
| PPME: | = | Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester |
| Rs: | = | Rupees |
| H2: | = | Hydrogen |
| HC: | = | Hydrocarbon |