https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-8200
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ABSTRACT
Biodiesel plays an important role in the automotive sector due to the enormous demand for conventional fuels such as diesel. A significant drawback of utilizing conventional fuel in the base engine is tailpipe emissions. The addition of water into the fuel reduced the harmful pollutants emitted from the engine and improved engine performance. The palm oil was used as biodiesel and it was mixed with 5% (by volume) water content to the fuel and tween 80 and span 80 is used as a co-surfactant and surfactant. Cerium oxide was used as a nanoparticle and mixed with biodiesel water emulsion in a 30 ppm dosage using an ultrasonicator. The partially stabilized zirconium was used as a coating product, and the desired coating thickness was 500 microns (or 0.5 mm) on the piston head, inlet, and exhaust value using the plasma spray method. The tailpipe emission characteristics of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide oxides of nitrogen and smoke were decreased by 16.6%, 18.02%, 6.7%, and 29.16% for utilizing blend of palm oil nanoemulsion in the engine when correlated to diesel fuel. The thermal efficiency increased by 14.03% for palm oil nanoemulsion as compared with the neat diesel.
Abbreviations: PNAE Palm oil nanoadditive emulsion HLB Hydrophile-lipophile balance PSZ Partially stabilized zirconium WWF World Wildlife Fund PONE Palm oil nanoemulsionPO100Neat palm oil POE Palm oil emulsion BTE Brake thermal efficiency HC Hydrocarbon COCarbon monoxideNOxOxides of nitrogen HRR Heat release rate LGO Lemongrass oilIDIgnition delay WCO Waste cooking oilI CPIn-cylinder pressureLHVLatent heat of vaporization SOME Sesame oil methyl ester TC Thermal conductivity CNH Cerium nitrate hexahydrate
Correction Statement
This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
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