Tannin-rich natural dye extracted from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.): Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

ABSTRACT

The present research reports the extraction of natural colorant from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) fruits. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab (Version 17, State College, PA, USA) was used for the optimization of the extraction process and the evaluation of different operating parameters interaction effects. Three independent parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, and mass of the kermes oak were studied. According to the results, the optimum extraction was obtained at a temperature of 72°C, an extraction time of 70 min, and a mass of 2 g. Under these optimum conditions, the efficiency of extraction was found to be 3792 mg.L⁻¹. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to identify the major chemical groups in the extracted dye. The coloring ability of the extracted dye, obtained under the optimal conditions, was tested on wool and cotton fabrics, and its effect on color strength and color fastness to rubbing, light, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space.

摘要

本研究报告从胭脂虫栎提取天然色素（Quercuscoccifera L.）的果实。响应面法（RSM）与Minitab帮助（版本17，州立大学，PA，美国）是用于和不同的操作参数的相互影响评价提取工艺的优化。三个独立的参数，包括提取温度、提取时间和胭脂栎的质量研究。结果表明，在温度72°C得到最优提取，提取时间70min，在此条件下的质量为2g，提取效率为3792按常规。用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对提取染料中的主要化学基团进行了鉴定。研究了在最佳条件下提取的染料对羊毛织物和棉织物的染色性能，探讨了其对色牢度、色牢度、日晒牢度、水洗牢度的影响。颜色特征，结果表明，染色样品的颜色坐标坐落在CIELAB颜色空间的红黄色象限。

KEYWORDS:

• Quercus coccifera L.
• natural dyeing
• wool
• cotton
• tannin
• optimization

关键词:

• 天然染色
• 羊毛
• 棉
• 单宁
• 优化

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to the Tunisian Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry for the financial support.