Synthesis and Application of a Formaldehyde-free Flame-retardant for Cotton Fabrics by Polymerization between Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate and Citric Acid

ABSTRACT

Elimination of halogen and formaldehyde from flame-retardants is the focus of the recent research due to their adverse effects on the human health and the environment. This research investigates the numerous halogen-free and formaldehyde-free flame retardant recipes for cotton fabrics through polymerization between diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) and citric acid considering the effects of catalyst, initiator, temperature, normal atmosphere, inert atmosphere, and nitrogen atmosphere. Then, this research applies these nontoxic recipes on the cotton fabric samples and determines the char-length and char-width. The further analysis included the limiting oxygen index (LOI), crease recovery angle (CRA), air permeability retention, shrinkage, smoldering cigarette test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), phosphorous concentration, and formaldehyde content in fabric. The newly proposed recipes exhibited similar or superior performance compared with formaldehyde-based commercial flame retardant, Pyrovatex.

摘要

从阻燃剂中消除卤素和甲醛是最近研究的重点，因为它们对人类健康和环境有不利影响. 本研究通过磷酸氢二铵（DAHP）和柠檬酸之间的聚合，研究了棉织物的众多无卤和甲醛阻燃配方，考虑催化剂、启动器的影响，温度、正常大气、惰性大气和氮气. 然后，本研究将这些无毒配方应用于棉织物样品，并确定炭长和炭宽. 进一步分析包括限制氧指数 （LOI）、折痕回收角 （CRA）、空气渗透性保留、收缩、烧烟测试、傅立叶变换红外光谱 （FTIR） 分析、扫描电子显微镜 （SEM）分析，能量分散X射线光谱（EDX），磷浓度，和甲醛含量在织物. 新提出的配方与甲醛型商用阻燃剂Pyrovatex相比，表现出类似或卓越的性能.

KEYWORDS:

• Fire retardant
• sustainability
• char length
• easy care
• nitrogen atmosphere
• Pyrovatex

关键词:

• 阻燃剂
• 可持续性
• 字符长度
• 易于护理
• 氮气大气