Characterization of Hazelnut, Pistachio, and Apricot Kernel Shell Particles and Analysis of Their Composite Properties

ABSTRACT

In this study, hazelnut, pistachio, and apricot kernel shells were ground size of 0–300 µm, 300–600 µm, and 600–850 µm. The cellulose, ash, humidity, and metal contents of these powder particles were chemically analyzed and structural properties were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis. Their composites were fabricated by adding 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of these powder particles to the polyester matrix material. The effect of chemical and structural properties of the powder particles on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed. The XRD analysis revealed that cellulose structure observed in powder particles. The peaks observed in their surface functional structures with FT-IR were mainly caused by cellulose and hemicellulose structures. These structures effected humidity and ash ratios. Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements were seen in the structure. In addition, heavy metals such as Sn, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Si were found. Powder particles added to the polyester material adversely affected the tensile strength of the matrix material. However, powder particles added to the matrix material at low rates had a positive effect on bending and compressive strength.

摘要

在本研究中，榛子、开心果和杏核壳的研磨粒度分别为0-300微米、300-600微米和600-850微米. 用X射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析了这些粉末颗粒的纤维素、灰分、湿度和金属含量，并对其结构性能进行了表征. 通过在聚酯基材料中添加0%、10%、20%和30%的粉末颗粒，制备了它们的复合材料. 分析了粉末颗粒的化学性质和结构性质对复合材料物理、热性能和力学性能的影响. XRD分析表明，粉末颗粒中存在纤维素结构. 红外光谱分析表明，其表面功能结构中的峰主要由纤维素和半纤维素结构引起. 这些结构影响湿度和灰分比. 结构中含有氮、碳、氢和氧元素。此外，还发现了Sn、Ca、K、Na、Mg、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn和Si等重金属. 添加到聚酯材料中的粉末颗粒对基体材料的拉伸强度产生不利影响. 然而，在基体材料中以较低的速率添加粉末颗粒对弯曲强度和抗压强度有积极的影响.

KEYWORDS:

• Characterization
• chemical analysis
• density
• mechanical properties
• natural composites
• thermal conductivity

关键词:

• 人物塑造
• 化学分析
• 密度
• 机械性能
• 天然复合材料
• 热导率