Characterization of Various Properties of Chemically Treated Allium sativum Fiber for Brake Pad Application

ABSTRACT

Allium sativum fiber has a high cellulose content of 69.82% and a low density of 1.32 g/cc. In the present study, various chemical treatments, namely, alkaline, benzoylation, and acetylation were carried out to enhance its properties. The effect of chemical treatments on the fiber and its effect on various properties of the brake pad is studied. Allium sativum raw fiber (AS_Raw), alkaline-treated (AS_a), benzoylation-treated (AS_b), and acetylation treated-fibers (AS_ac) were reinforced for about 8 wt.% in the brake pads that were manufactured using compression molding and named as AS₁, AS_2, AS_3, and AS_4, respectively. The thermal degradation of the fiber is evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and is observed the thermal stability from 340°C to 359°C, 360°C, and 378°C, respectively. From X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that acetylation-treated fiber had shown a crystallinity index (CI) of 35.86% with a tensile strength of 723.28 ± 2.7 MPa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the organic substance behavior and surface morphology. The physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the brake pads were carried out as per industrial standards.

摘要

葱属植物纤维纤维素含量高，为69.82%，低密度为1.32 g/cc. 在本研究中，我们进行了各种化学处理，即碱化、苯甲酰化和乙酰化，以提高其性能. 研究了化学处理对纤维的影响及其对刹车片各项性能的影响. 在采用模压成型工艺生产的刹车片中，分别添加了大蒜粗纤维(ASRaw)、碱处理(ASa)、苯甲酰化处理(ASb)和乙酰化处理(ASac)，增强强度约为8 wt. %，分别命名为AS1、AS2、AS3和AS4. 采用热重分析法(TGA)对纤维的热降解进行了评价，并分别在340◦C至359◦C、360◦C和378◦C的温度下观察了纤维的热稳定性. X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明，经乙酰化处理的纤维结晶度指数(CI)为35.86%，抗拉强度为723.28±2.7 MPa. 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了有机物的行为和表面形貌. 根据工业标准对刹车片进行了物理、热学和力学性能测试.

KEYWORDS:

• Allium sativum
• brake pad
• friction material
• chemical treatment and natural fiber

关键词:

• 刹车片
• 摩擦材料
• 化学处理和天然纤维

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore campus for encouraging the work and providing the research facilities. Authors also would like to extend their thanks to Ms. J Jesintha Princy, Research Scholar, School of Social Science and Language, VIT Vellore for revising the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.