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ABSTRACT
In order to develop a green and efficient hemp degumming process, an ammonium oxalate-enzyme combined process was proposed and the pectin was extracted from the degumming solution. Pectin can be used as a stabilizer, gel, emulsifier, and thickener in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The results showed that the residual gum rate of hemp fibers treated by the ammonium oxalate-enzyme process was 2.34%, which was lower than that of the hemp fibers treated by alkali degumming process (12.875%) and alkali-enzyme degumming process (8.433%). The antibacterial property of hemp fibers treated by the ammonium oxalate-enzyme process was better than those of hemp fibers treated by alkali and alkali-enzyme combined process. After degumming with ammonium oxalate-enzyme, the lignin content of hemp fibers decreased from 8.1% (raw hemp) to 0.94%, and hemp fibers had good breaking strength. The optimum extraction process of pectin from the degumming solution of hemp was pH 4.5, concentration ratio 15%, and ethanol concentration 95%. The extraction rate of pectin could reach 10.46%.
摘要
为开发绿色高效的大麻脱胶工艺, 提出了草酸铵-酶联合脱胶工艺, 并与经传统碱脱胶工艺, 碱-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后大麻纤维的脱胶效果进行比较, 且探讨从该脱胶液中提取果胶, 果胶在食品, 化妆品和医药行业可以用作稳定剂, 凝胶剂, 乳化剂, 增稠剂等。结果表明, 经最佳工艺处理后大麻纤维的残胶率为2.34%, 优于碱脱胶工艺处理后大麻纤维的残胶率12.875%和碱-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后大麻纤维的残胶率8.433%, 草酸铵-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后的大麻纤维抑菌率优于传统碱脱胶工艺以及碱-酶联合脱胶工艺处理后的大麻纤维, 草酸铵-酶联合脱胶后大麻纤维中木质素含量由8.1% (大麻原麻) 下降到0.94%, 并且有良好的断裂强度。从大麻脱胶液中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为pH 4.5, 浓缩比15%, 使用体积浓度为95%无水乙醇进行沉淀, 果胶的提取率可达10.46%。