https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-2498
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ABSTRACT
Flax fiber-containing polypropylene-based polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with different lignite fly ash (LFA) contents were synthesized using the formula (80 − x) PP − 20 F – x LFA (where x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt.%) and analyzed. The added LFA acted as a filler material in the polymer network to re-formulate the microstructure of PMCs. The structural changes in the PMCs were induced to alter their thermal stability and mechanical strength. A linear increase in Tg, density, and compressive strength values was observed up to addition of 10 wt.% LFA in the prepared PMCs. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the structural changes that occurred in the polymer network for all the samples during the addition of LFA. Results of the X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the crystalline phase of the added LFA in the PMCs. Contact angle and surface energy studies showed a higher contact angle and lower surface energy in the PMC sample containing 5 wt.% LFA. The low wear depth in the sample containing 5 wt.% LFA confirmed its better wear than other samples. The obtained results confirmed that the flax fiber-added polypropylene composite with 5 wt.% LFA is suitable for aerospace, construction, and automobile applications.
抽象
近年来, 由于世界农业田的减少和人口的迅速增加, 高产成为越来越重要的. 棉花是全世界农民的重要收入来源, 是纺织业的重要作物. Bt-棉花技术于1996年进入我们的生活, 在许多发达国家和发展中国家迅速得到采用. 它已被证明在许多领域具有优势. 特别是, 经济增长每年都在增加重要性. 此外, 它还通过减少化学喷洒, 为多年来昆虫和害虫造成的作物损失带来了一种无害环境的解决方案. 因此, 农民的费用降低了, 他们的健康得到保护. 它通过缩短田间工作时间和减少劳动力, 使农民获得更高的利润. 此外, 该技术已证明可提高棉花产量. Bt-棉花技术首次得到批准并种植15年来, 农民通过减少农药使用赚取了数百万美元的利润. 这项研究包括关于Bt-棉花技术对主要棉花生产国经济的贡献及其商业化的详细资料, 并探讨了目前用于植物转化的方法. 虽然这项技术能否带来可持续性和长期效益存在一些矛盾, 但目前有15个国家采用了这项技术, 包括印度, 中国和美国. 此外, 预计更多的国家将列入这一名单.