Extraction and Characterization of Nano-cellulose from Local Waste Paper Egg Trays

ABSTRACT

Current research focused on local bio-waste paper egg trays for the extraction of nano cellulose via common chemical method followed by mechano-ball milling process. The characteristic features of extracted cellulose were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (X-RD), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and micro calorimeter. The optimized alkali-acid (NaOH(10%)-H₂SO₄(65%)) is the best percentage for the extraction of cellulose in a nano-form with almost no impurities as clearly described through SEM (~500 nm), FTIR further strengthens the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-O(acyl) and C-O (alkoxy) bond peaks at 3660–2900, 3472, 1656, 1315, and 1026 cm⁻¹, and XRD analysis showed the % crystallinity 88.2 and average grain size 4 nm. Furthermore, TGA and micro calorimeter analysis exhibited significant thermal performance (~19 wt.% @700°C) and flame retardancy (pHRR 132 kJ/g). EDX and elemental analysis further supported the extracted cellulose. Overall, this investigation provides an economic and easy way of producing nano-cellulose that can replace the commercial nano-cellulose as reinforcement for natural fiber composites.

摘要

目前的研究主要集中在本地生物废纸蛋盘上,通过普通化学方法和机械球磨工艺提取纳米纤维素. 通过扫描电子显微镜耦合能量色散x射线光谱(SEM-EDX)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR) 、x射线衍射(x-RD) 、元素分析、热重分析(TGA) 和微量热计分析提取纤维素的特征.优化的碱酸(NaOH(10%) -H2SO4(65%) 是以纳米形式提取纤维素的最佳比例, 几乎没有杂质,如SEM(~500 nm) 所述, FTIR通过3660-2900、3472、1656、1315和1026cm^-1处的O-H、C-H、C=O、C-O(酰基) 和CO(烷氧基) 键进一步增强−1和XRD分析表明, 结晶度为88.2%, 平均晶粒尺寸为4nm.此外,TGA和微量热计分析显示出显著的热性能(~19wt.%@700°C) 和阻燃性(phr 132 kJ/g)。EDX和元素分析进一步支持提取的纤维素. 总的来说,本研究为生产纳米纤维素提供了一种经济、简便的方法,可以取代商用纳米纤维素作为天然纤维复合材料的增强材料.

KEYWORDS:

• Bio-waste
• egg trays
• chemical treatment
• morphology
• crystallinity

关键词:

• 生物废弃物
• 蛋盘
• 化学处理
• 形态学
• 结晶度

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science Education (2018R1A6A1A03024509 and 2021R1A2B5B03002355).

Highlights

• Extraction of nanocellulose fibers from local bio-waste egg trays

• Extracted cellulose is similar and extremely cheaper than commercial nanocellulose

• Chemical and mechano-ball mill process used for the extraction of nanocellulose

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea [2018R1A6A1A03024509 and 2021R1A2B5B03002355].