Eco-friendly Process to Degum Flax Roving with Deep Eutectic Solvent and Microbial Treatment

ABSTRACT

Flax is an economically important fiber crop, however, it requires degumming to yield usable fibers. The degumming process of flax roving is a key step in flax processing and production. In this study, deep eutectic solvent (DES; choline chloride–urea) pretreatment was combined with microbial treatment to develop an ecofriendly and effective degumming method for flax roving. The optimal conditions for DES pretreatment (100°C for 120 min with 90% DES) were obtained through orthogonal tests. DES combine microbial treatment could effectively remove gum from the flax fibers. The flax roving fibers were characterized by chemical analyses, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared with fibers treated with microbes alone, flax roving fibers subjected to DES combine microbial treatment showed better breaking tenacity (16.77 cN/tex) and average pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin removal rates of approximately 86.4%, 26.7%, and 55.1%, respectively. NMR revealed that the composition of DES was not damaged during pretreatment, which means the bulk solution could be reused. This research showed that DES combine microbial treatment is feasible and effective method for flax roving degumming.

摘要

本文采用有限元模型结合高阶剪切变形理论研究了混杂复合材料 (香蕉玻璃-环氧树脂) 平板结构的本征频率响应. 首先, 使用内部制造设备制造了五组不同的香蕉玻璃-环氧树脂混杂复合板. 根据ASTM标准制备用于弹性性能评估的试样. 通过拉伸试验获得了所需的弹性性能, 并用于数值分析. 此外, 为了建立混杂层合复合材料的数学模型, 采用了高阶位移运动学, 消除了剪切修正系数的考虑. 采用二维九节点单元将平板模型划分为若干小部分. 获得了面板的基本质量和刚度, 并对其进行组装, 以获得整体质量和刚度. 将全局值进一步代入由Hamilton原理导出的控制方程中. 进一步施加约束条件, 求解控制方程, 得到固有频率. 首先, 通过稳定性和有效性研究, 检验了数值模型的敏感性和准确性. 然后, 对新的数值算例进行了求解, 并详细研究和讨论了不同参数 (包括杂化) 对频率响应的影响.

KEYWORDS:

• Flax roving
• deep eutectic solvent
• microbial degumming
• Bacillus subtilis
• orthogonal tests
• gum

关键词:

• 亚麻粗纱
• 低共熔溶剂
• 微生物脱胶
• 枯草芽孢杆菌
• 正交实验
• 胶质

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Major Programs of Technical Innovation of Hubei Province (No. 2019AAA033).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by special funds for Major Programs of Technical Innovation of Hubei Province (Department of science and technology, Hubei Provincial Government, China; Grant number: 2019AAA033).