Improvement of the Dyeability and Salt-Free Dyeing for Wool Fabrics with Anionic Dyes by Pretreatment with Whey and Soybean Proteins

ABSTRACT

Wool fabrics were pretreated with whey protein concentrate (WPC) and soybean flour (SPF) proteins individually to improve their dyeability toward anionic dyes as acid orange 10 (AO10) and reactive black 5(RB5). Comprehensive study was undergone on these fabrics evaluating their dyeability, functional properties and the possibility to reduce the need for electrolyte in the dyebath. Furthermore, coating with protein as a biopolymer is more environmentally friendly. The structure and properties of the pretreated wool fabric were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) and antimicrobial activity. Nitrogen content was used to confirm the existence of amino groups on treated protein fabrics compared to the untreated one. All the pretreated dyed samples were enhanced in color strength (K/S). The color strength of wool treated fabrics without salt was the highest. Treating fabrics indicated better protection against ultraviolet radiation and the highest UV protection factor (UPF) was of white and dyed wool fabrics treated with SPF. The highest antimicrobial activity reduction percent against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus) was in the sample treated with WPC as well as the sample treated with SPF has the greatest antimicrobial activity effect against fungal yeast (Candida albicans).

摘要

用浓缩乳清蛋白 (WPC) 和大豆粉 (SPF) 蛋白分别对羊毛织物进行预处理, 以改善其对酸性橙10 (AO10) 和活性黑5 (RB5) 等阴离子染料的染色性能. 对这些织物进行了全面的研究, 评估了它们的可染性、功能性以及减少染浴中电解质需求的可能性. 此外, 以蛋白质作为生物高聚物的涂层更环保. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、扫描电镜 (SEM)、紫外光谱 (UV) 和抗菌活性对预处理羊毛织物的结构和性能进行了评价. 氮含量用于确认处理后的蛋白质织物与未处理的蛋白质织物相比存在氨基. 所有预处理的染色样品的颜色强度 (K/S) 都有所提高. 无盐羊毛处理织物的颜色强度最高. 处理后的织物具有更好的紫外线防护性能, 经SPF处理的白色和染色羊毛织物的紫外线防护系数 (UPF) 最高. 对革兰氏阳性菌 (蜡样芽孢杆菌) 的抗菌活性降低百分比最高的是WPC处理的样品, 而SPF处理的样品对真菌酵母 (白色念珠菌) 的抗菌活性效果最大.

KEYWORDS:

• Biopolymer coating
• salt-free dyeing
• wool fabric
• anionic dyes

关键词:

• 生物聚合物涂层
• 无盐染色
• 羊毛织物
• 阴离子染料

Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by National Research Centre in Egypt; we highly appreciate the central laboratories for conducting the tests in this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.