Synthesis of p-phenylenediamine treated fibrillated cellulose fiber and its application in poly(vinyl alcohol) composites

ABSTRACT

This research aims to improve the strength and durability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based packaging film with modified fibrillated cellulose fiber (FCF). FCF was extracted from jute fiber by numerous physical and chemical treatments. It was then modified by p-phenylenediamine (pPD) with the catalytic support of FeSO₄/K₂S₂O₈. The extent of modification was detected by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline index (CrI) was calculated from the X-ray diffractogram (XRD) data. The thermogravametric analysis (TGA) revealed that pPD-FCF exhibited the highest thermal resistance compare to raw jute fiber (RJF), alkali hydrolyzed fiber (AHF) and FCF. The PVA composite films were prepared with RJF, AHF, FCF and pPD-FCF by solvent casting method. The properties of pure PVA and its composites were evaluated for comparison. The pPD-FCF/PVA composite presented highest tensile strength and tensile modulus. The pPD-FCF/PVA composite showed lowest weight loss through soil burial test than other composites and pure PVA. By consideration of those commendable properties, the pPD-FCF/PVA composite material could promote the opportunity for packaging application.

Graphical Abstract

摘要

本研究旨在通过改性纤维化纤维素纤维(FCF)提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)基包装膜的强度和耐久性. FCF是通过多种物理和化学处理从黄麻纤维中提取的. 然后在FeSO4/K2S2O8催化载体下,用对菲二胺(pPD)对其进行改性. 通过红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测改性程度. 根据X射线衍射图(XRD)数据计算结晶指数(CrI). 热重分析(TGA)表明,pPD FCF的耐热性高于原黄麻纤维(RJF)、碱水解纤维(AHF)和FCF. 以RJF、AHF、FCF和pPD-FCF为原料,采用溶剂浇铸法制备了PVA复合膜. 对纯PVA及其复合材料的性能进行了比较. pPD-FCF/PVA复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量最高. 通过土埋试验,pPD-FCF/PVA复合材料的失重率低于其他复合材料和纯PVA. 考虑到这些值得称道的性能,pPD-FCF/PVA复合材料可以促进包装应用的机会.

KEYWORDS:

• Fibrillated cellulose fiber
• p-phenylenediamine treatment
• PVA composite
• properties of composites
• possible bond formation

关键词:

• 纤维化纤维素纤维
• 对菲烯二胺治疗
• 聚乙烯醇复合材料
• 复合材料的性能
• 可能的键形成

Highlights

• p-phenylenediamine (pPD) bearing antioxidant property has never been employed to modify cellulose fiber.

• pPD treatment have made numerous changes in morphology, crystalline structure, thermal properties of cellulose nanofiber.

• The possible interaction between the reinforcing pPD-FCF filler and PVA matrix has been demonstrated.

• The pPD-FCF/PVA composites exhibited excellent properties in all aspects which needed for packaging materials.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Authors’ contributions

GK conceived and designed the experiments.

AP performed the experiment.

GK and AP wrote the manuscript.

GK, MG and AP analyzed the data.

MSA and GK reviewed and revised the manuscript and

GK supervised and validated the data.

All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Authors’ information

Afroza Parvin is graduate student of the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Dr. Md. Shamsul Alam is a Professor of the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh. He is specialized in polymer science and technology. Dr. Md. Abdul Gafur is Principal Scientific officer of the Pilot Plant and Process Development Centre (PP&PDC), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dr. Gazi Md. Arifuzzaman Khan is a Professor of the department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh. His area of specialization includes biodegradable polymer and composite materials.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.