Isolation and Characterization of New Cellulosic Microfibers from Pandan Duri (Pandanus Tectorius) for Sustainable Environment

ABSTRACT

Cellulose is the main component of natural fibers whose content varies greatly depending on the type of plant and its treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effect of chemical treatment on natural fiber properties. This study successfully extracted the content from Pandan duri (Pandanus tectorius) fiber through alkalization, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The effect of these chemical treatments on the characteristics of fiber surface, shape, chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties was examined and analyzed. Subsequently, the cellulose components in the structure and the removal of lignin groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectrum analysis. The surface morphology analysis was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that showed the raw fiber surface was still in the structure of bundles. However, it was decomposed into cellulose fibrils after chemical treatment with a diameter of about 2 µm – 20 µm. The chemical composition for cellulose content increased by 90.5%, while hemicellulose decreased by 89.6% after acid hydrolysis treatment. Also, X-ray (XRD) analysis showed crystallinity increased from 39.5% for raw fibers to 67.7% after the hydrolysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed higher degradation temperature of micro cellulose offered better thermal stability compared to raw fibers. In conclusion, the cellulose from Pandanus tectorius fiber can be used to reinforce biocomposites as an alternative to synthetic fibers for sustainability of environment.

摘要

纤维素是天然纤维的主要成分, 其含量因植物类型及其处理方式的不同而有很大差异. 因此, 有必要研究化学处理对天然纤维性能的影响. 本研究通过碱化、漂白和酸水解, 成功地从盘状杜丽(Pandanus tectorius)纤维中提取出含量. 研究和分析了这些化学处理对纤维表面特性、形状、化学成分、结晶度和热性能的影响. 随后, 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对纤维素组分的结构和木质素基团的去除进行了表征. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表面形貌分析, 表明原始纤维表面仍为束状结构. 然而, 经过化学处理后, 它被分解为直径约为2µm–20µm的纤维素原纤维. 酸水解处理后, 纤维素含量的化学成分增加了90.5%, 半纤维素含量下降了89.6%. X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明, 水解后纤维结晶度从原纤维的39.5%提高到67.7%. 热重分析(TGA)表明, 与生纤维相比, 纤维素降解温度越高, 热稳定性越好. 综上所述, 为了环境的可持续性, 覆盆子纤维中的纤维素可以用来增强生物复合材料, 作为合成纤维的替代品.

KEYWORDS:

• Pandanus tectorius
• chemical treatment
• cellulose fiber
• crystallinity
• thermal stability
• chemical composition

关键词:

• 盖盘菌
• 化学处理
• 纤维素纤维
• 结晶度
• 热稳定性
• 化学成分

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia has funded this project, under grant number (KEP-65-130-42). Furthermore, the authors would also like to thank to Dr. Aflizar Colleagues from the Department of Agricultural Technology, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, West Sumatra for their assistance and contributions towards the successful completion of this research.

Author contribution

“All the authors contributed equally for data curation, formal analysis, methodology, conceptualization, project administration, resources, investigation, supervision and writing.”

Animal research (ethics)

“This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors.”

Consent to publish (Ethics)

“The authors give the consent to publish this research work in the journal.”

Consent to participate (Ethics)

“The authors give the consent to participate this research study.”

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

“All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.”

Additional information

Funding

The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia has funded this project, under grant number (KEP-65-130-42). This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (grant number: 102/E4.1/Ak 04. PT/2021).