Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Hemp/Rice-Husk/E-Glass Fiber Cardanol Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Composites

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation, the mechanical and thermal properties of a hybrid epoxy matrix composite fabricated with natural hemp, rice husk fibers, synthetic E-glass fiber and phenolic cardanol bio-resin by hand lay-up process were studied. The composites were fabricated with varying weight concentrations of fillers and matrix. In this work, the effect of natural fiber and cardanol on the fiber-matrix bonding and the hybrid composite stability were studied. Tensile, flexural, Shore D hardness, Izod impact absorption, TGA, and DTA properties were studied. The results indicated improved thermal and dimensional stability with enhanced tensile performance of the specimens due to the superior bonding ability of cardanol leading to better fiber encapsulation. Cardanol also enhances the biodegradability of the hybrid composite.

摘要

研究了用天然大麻, 稻壳纤维, 合成E-玻璃纤维和酚醛腰果酚生物树脂手工铺层法制备的混杂环氧基复合材料的力学性能和热性能. 用不同重量浓度的填料和基体制备了复合材料. 本文研究了天然纤维和腰果酚对纤维-基体结合和混杂复合材料稳定性的影响. 研究了拉伸, 弯曲, 肖氏D硬度, Izod冲击吸收, TGA和DTA性能. 结果表明, 由于腰果酚优异的粘合能力, 导致更好的纤维封装, 因此试样的热稳定性和尺寸稳定性得到了改善, 拉伸性能也得到了提高. 腰果酚还增强了杂化复合材料的生物降解性.

KEYWORDS:

• Hybrid
• composite
• hemp
• rice-husk
• E-glass
• cardanol
• epoxy
• matrix
• filler
• thermal stability

关键词:

• 混合的
• 混合成的
• 大麻
• 稻壳
• 电子玻璃
• 腰果酚
• 环氧树脂
• 矩阵
• 填料
• 热稳定性

Highlights

• The inclusion of cardanol had enhanced the bonding between the natural and synthetic fibers and the epoxy matrix evidenced by the observed improvements in toughness, ductility and load sharing.

• The tensile and flexural tests revealed significant influence of cardanol bio-resin interacting with fibers to enhance the fiber-matrix adhesion and facilitate ductile fracture.

• The enhancements observed in tensile strength and flexural strengths were 137.3% and 79.7% against the base composite and the improvement in shore D hardness was comparatively minimal at 15.6% due to enhanced tensile modulus of the specimen.

• The specimen ‘G’ possessed higher damping capability with 109% more energy absorption capacity than the pure epoxy-based composite.

• The thermal deterioration analysis revealed thermal stability of hybrid composites within 74°C and 270°C of operating temperatures, with a minimal of 6% initial weight loss, while the loss increased past this range and stabilized past 600°C.

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful for the support rendered by the Management of Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education. They sincerely thank Mechanical Engineering for further analysis of the present work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.