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The major scholars foundational to media ecology have all shared an interest and focus in literacy. From their study of literacy and its consequences, a set of theories and approaches developed which has provided media ecologists with frameworks with which to study all other media. This essay reviews the major scholarship of Harold Innis, Eric Havelock, Marshall McLuhan, Jack Goody, Walter Ong, and Elizabeth Eisenstein, as they focused on the development of writing systems, and later, printing. The theoretical frameworks to have emerged from their inquiries are central to understanding media ecology.
Notes
Lori Ramos (Ph. D. Candidate., New York University) is an Instructor in the Department of Communication at William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Hobart Hall, Wayne, NJ 07470 ([email protected]). The analysis and conceptualization of media ecology offered here owes much to the work of Christine Nystrom and the many fruitful discussions we have shared.