Effect of Aviation Snip Design and Task Height on Upper Extremity Muscular Activity and Wrist Posture

Abstract

Hand tools described as ergonomic in design are intended to reduce exposure to physical risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Additionally, using the right tool for the job is believed to reduce exposure and, consequently, risk of disease. Sheet metal workers frequently use a cutting tool called aviation snips when fabricating and installing ductwork. The purpose of this laboratory simulation study was to determine the effect of (1) aviation snip design; and (2) work height on muscle activity, wrist posture, and user satisfaction among sheet metal workers. We hypothesized that specific aviation snips designs would be most appropriate for use at specific heights. Twenty-three sheet metal workers used three different designs of aviation snips to make curved cuts in sheet metal placed both at waist height and shoulder height. Conventional circular snips, straight snips, and an alternate design of offset snips were used. Upper extremity muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography, wrist posture was measured with electrogoniometry, and user satisfaction was rated by the participants on a survey. Statistically significant effects of snip design and task height on muscle activity, wrist posture, and user satisfaction were observed. However, no snip was preferable for all dependent variables. Work height had a greater effect on muscle activity and wrist posture than snip design. Field studies are indicated to determine the long-term effect of snip design on physical risk factors and risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Keywords:

• construction
• ergonomics
• hand tools
• intervention effectiveness
• musculoskeletal disorders

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was supported by the Center to Protect Workers' Rights using funding from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and not necessarily the official views of the funding agencies. The authors would like to thank the sheet metal workers who participated from Sheet Metal Workers Local 91, Rock Island, Illinois. Additional thanks to Robert Frick and John Churuvia of Local 91.

Notes

^A Statistically significant difference with Bonferroni adjustment (p < 0.008).

^B Huynh-Feldt adjusted.