Total Airborne Mold Particle Sampling: Evaluation of Sample Collection, Preparation and Counting Procedures, and Collection Devices

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate (i) procedures used to collect, prepare, and count total airborne mold spore/particle concentrations, and (ii) the relative field performance of three commercially available total airborne mold spore/particle sampling devices. Differences between factory and laboratory airflow calibration values of axial fan-driven sampling instruments (used in the study) indicated a need for laboratory calibration using a mass flow meter to ensure that sample results were accurately calculated. An aniline blue-amended Calberla's solution adjusted to a pH of 4.2–4.4 provided good sample mounting/counting results using Dow Corning high vacuum grease, Dow Corning 280A adhesive, and Dow Corning 316 silicone release spray for samples collected using mini-Burkard and Allergenco samplers. Count variability among analysts was most pronounced in 5% counts of relatively low mold particle deposition density samples and trended downward with increased count percentage and particle deposition density. No significant differences were observed among means of 5, 10, and 20% counts and among analysts; a significant interaction effect was observed between analysts' counts and particle deposition densities. Significantly higher mini-Burkard and Air-O-Cell total mold spore/particle counts for 600× vs. 400× (1.9 and 2.3 × higher, respectively), 1000× vs. 600× (1.9 and 2.2 × higher, respectively) and 1000× vs. 400× (3.6 and 4.6 × higher, respectively) comparisons indicated that 1000× magnification counts best quantified total airborne mold spore/particles using light microscopy, and that lower magnification counts may result in unacceptable underreporting of airborne mold spore/particle concentrations. Modest but significantly higher (1.2×) total mold spore concentrations were observed with Allergenco vs. mini-Burkard samples collected in co-located, concurrently operated sampler studies; moderate but significantly higher mini-Burkard count values (1.4×) were observed in similar studies with Air-O-Cell samplers. These count differences were relatively small compared with the large differences observed among three count magnifications.

Keywords:

• mold
• mold counts
• mold samplers
• mold spores/ particles
• total airborne mold

Notes

^A DCHV = Dow Corning High Vacuum Silicone Grease; DC 280A = Dow Corning 280A adhesive; DC 316 = Dow Corning 316 silicone release spray.

^B N = 12 for each comparison.

^C Magnification = 1000×.

^D Student's paired t-test.

^A N = 12 sample slides (4/density).

^A Normalized to 5% equivalent count values.

^B Significant at p = 0.01.

^A N = 12 sample slides/sampler.

^B Friedman's nonparametric test.

^A Student's paired t-test.