Pilot study on the efficiency of water-only decontamination for firefighters’ turnout gear

Abstract

Firefighters are exposed to toxic environments upon entering burning structures. Many structures contain synthetic materials which release toxic chemicals when on fire. These chemicals can enter the body through multiple routes of exposure, including inhalation and skin absorption. Thus, according to the fire departments included in this study, firefighters now conduct on-site decontamination procedures to remove hazardous chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the surface of firefighter turnout gear. Several methods are being practiced at the local level, including decontamination with soap and water, and decontamination with water alone. The water-only decontamination method requires less time and supplies yet has not been investigated as a suitable method for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from turnout gear. Therefore, we evaluated the efficiency of this method by measuring PAH concentration levels before and after water-only decontamination. The calculated efficiency displays the percentage of PAHs removed (or not removed) at post-decontamination in relation to the initial sample collected at pre-decontamination. The turnout gear was sampled after live residential structure fires. Firefighter turnout gear was worn throughout Attack, Overhaul Search and Rescue, and Rescue from Fire operations. All firefighters came to a central location for sampling after completing their job responsibilities. Water only decontamination did not appear to be effective, resulting in an overall 42% increase in PAH contamination. The unexpected increase may have been due to disparate pre- and post-decontamination sampling sites on turnout gear.

Keywords:

• Contamination
• firefighting
• PAHs
• personal protective equipment
• volatile organic compounds
• washing

Acknowledgments

We thank the firefighters for participating in this study.

Additional information

Funding

Anthony Calvillo was supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the University of Cincinnati Education and Research Center (No. T42OH008432). Additional funding was provided by Dr. Haynes’s laboratory.