The Effects of Task Engagement and Interpersonal Rapport on WCST Performance in Schizophrenia

Abstract

Individuals with schizophrenia typically perform poorly on measures of executive function. This poor performance is widely attributed to disease-related cognitive deficits; however, the influence of task engagement and interpersonal rapport has not been adequately evaluated. In the present study, 30 individuals with schizophrenia completed two trials each of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a measure of executive function. Between trials, half of the participants received enhanced instructions (i.e., explanation of the underlying rules and strategy coaching). It was hypothesized that the enhanced instruction group would achieve better WCST scores, and that this group difference would be mediated by participants' self-reported task engagement on the WCST and rapport with the experimenter. Results showed significantly improved WCST performance in the enhanced-instruction group, but the groups did not differ in task engagement or rapport. Task engagement showed a trend-level association with WCST performance across all participants. These findings suggest that further research is necessary to understand potential motivational mechanisms underlying executive functioning performance in schizophrenia.

Keywords:

• Executive functioning
• Motivation
• Schizophrenia

Notes

¹The WCST administrator completed a behavioral measure of effort and cooperation for each participant. Because findings were consistent with the self-reported data, and because measurement of these items was not standardized, these data are not reported.

Note. No significant group differences were observed.

∗p < .05; ∗∗p < .005.