Clinical and Cognitive Insight in a Compensatory Cognitive Training Intervention

Abstract

The impact of limited insight is a crucial consideration in the treatment of individuals with psychiatric illness. In the context of psychosis, both clinical and cognitive insight have been described. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between clinical and cognitive insight and neuropsychological functioning, psychiatric symptom severity, and everyday functioning in patients with a primary psychotic disorder participating in a compensatory cognitive training (CT) intervention. Sixty-nine individuals diagnosed with a primary psychotic disorder were randomized to a 3-month CT intervention or to standard pharmacotherapy, and they completed a comprehensive neuropsychological, clinical, and functional battery at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The CT intervention focused on habit formation and compensatory strategy learning in four domains: prospective memory, attention and vigilance, learning and memory, and problem-solving/cognitive flexibility. At baseline, better clinical insight was significantly related to better executive functioning and less severe negative symptoms. There was no significant association between cognitive insight and cognitive functioning, symptom severity, or everyday functioning ability. The CT intervention did not have an effect on clinical or cognitive insight, but better cognitive insight prior to participation in CT significantly predicted decreased positive and depressive symptom severity posttreatment, and better clinical insight predicted improved self-reported quality of life. Although clinical insight is related to executive functioning, the correlates of cognitive insight remain elusive. Intact insight appears to be beneficial in ameliorating clinical symptomatology like positive symptoms and depression, rather than augmenting cognition. It may be valuable to develop brief interventions aimed at improving clinical and cognitive insight prior to other psychosocial rehabilitation in order to maximize the benefit of treatment.

Notes

Note. ANART = American National Adult Reading Test; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder. PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; BCIS = Beck Cognitive Insight Scale.

Note. PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; BCIS = Beck Cognitive Insight Scale.

Note. Significant correlations are indicated with bold font. MIST = Memory for Intentions Screening Test; HVLT-R = Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; HAMD = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; QOLI = Quality of Life Interview; UPSA = UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment; SSPA = Social Skills Performance Assessment; ILSS = Independent Living Skills Survey.

Note. Significant correlations are indicated with bold font. PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; HAMD = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; QOLI = Quality of Life Interview; UPSA = UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment; SSPA = Social Skills Performance Assessment; ILSS = Independent Living Skills Survey.