Isolated Placental Inflammation and Vasculopathy: Clinical Implications in the Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

ABSTRACT

The predictive values of placental histopathologies are compromised by a non-segregation of common anomalies. The effects of isolated pure placental inflammation (PI) and vasculopathy-coagulopathy (PV) were compared with normal (NL) placentas in extremely premature infants (ELBW, birth weight < 1000 g). PI infants required lower peak inspiratory pressure on day 3. More infants in PV were oxygen dependence on day 28. PV had an increased risk of intraventricular–periventricular hemorrhage (IVH, OR 4.9, 95% CI 1–24.7, p = 0.05). NL infants were unexposed to PPROM or maternal hypertension, had highest requirement for surfactant, did not develop IVH and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and none of them were Caucasian. Conclusions: In ELBW infants (1) pure placental vasculopathy-coagulopathy is a risk factor for IVH, (2) a non- pathological intrauterine environment is nonconducive to IVH and PVL, (3) pure placental inflammation is protective for acute pulmonary disease, (4) Caucasian mothers are more susceptible to adverse intrauterine environment.

KEYWORDS:

• Extremely low birth weight infants
• placental inflammation
• placental vasculopathy-coagulopathy
• intraventricular–periventricular hemorrhage
• periventricular leukomalacia

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.