Intersectional individualization: toward a theoretical framework for youth transitioning out of the child welfare system

ABSTRACT

This article combines insights from Beck’s individualization theory and Crenshaw’s intersectionality theory to enhance understandings of why youth transitioning out of the child welfare system experience risk of poor outcomes. The lack of an adequate theoretical framework restricts our ability to understand the complex lives of these vulnerable youth. This paper argues that combining individualization and intersectionality theory provides a framework that recognizes how structural changes, social context, and multiple, intersecting identities shape care leavers’ experiences as they reflexively navigate systems of power and the risk of negative outcomes. This article concludes by discussing implications and recommendations for future work.

KEYWORDS:

• Individualization
• intersectionality
• child welfare
• care leavers
• youth transition

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Carla Cesaroni and Dr. Arshia Zaidi for their very helpful comments on a previous draft of this paper.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rajendra Rambajue

Rajendra Rambajue is a Doctoral Candidate in the Criminology and Social Justice program at Ontario Tech University [University of Ontario Institute of Technology]. His areas of interest include children and youth in the child welfare system, youth transitions out the child welfare system, and equity, inclusivity, diversity, and cultural sensitivity in educational practices.

Christopher O’Connor

Christopher D. O’Connor is an Associate Professor in the Criminology program at Ontario Tech University [University of Ontario Institute of Technology]. His research interests include policing, youth, emerging technology, and energy boomtowns.