Clinical symptoms and blood concentration of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in intoxicated and hospitalized patients in the Budapest region of Hungary (2018-19)

Abstract

Background

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) impose a new challenge on the legal and health care system, yet, there is little information available about how new substances spread based on hospitalization of intoxicated patients. The aims of this study were: (i) to investigate the frequency of NPS among suspected drug intoxicated patients, (ii) to study the connection between blood concentration and clinical symptoms, (iii) to determine their half-life with a time-series blood sampling protocol.

Methods

During the observation period, 116 suspected drug intoxicated patients were sampled. The samples were analyzed for alcohol, 20 classical illicit and licit drugs, and for 78 NPS. Clinical symptoms were registered on-site (by the Emergency Medical Services) and (also) at hospital admittance.

Results

NPS were detected in 51 patients of which cathinones were found in 4, the synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) 5 F-MDMB-PINACA and 5 F-MDMB-PICA in 23-23, and CUMYL-CH-MEGACLONE in 2 cases. Poison severity scores (PSS) showed mild to moderate intoxications overall. Connection between blood concentration and severity of clinical symptoms were inconclusive. The calculated half-life of 5 F-MDMB-PINACA and 5 F-MDMB-PICA was 2.50 and 2.68 h, respectively.

Conclusion

The ratio of SCs among the selected intoxicated patients was higher than expected from seizure data which could be the consequence of targeted patient selection. The clinical symptoms and the severity of intoxication cannot be characterized simply by NPS blood levels. The short half-life of SCs can explain the relatively rapid consolidation of intoxication symptoms.

Highlights

• In the Budapest region, the majority of hospitalized NPS intoxications was caused by the synthetic cannabinoids 5F-MDMB-PINACA and 5F-MDMB-PICA in 2018-19.

• No correlation between blood concentration and symptoms severity could be established.

• The clinical symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid users improved quickly and no ICU treatment was necessary.

• The half-life of 5F-MDMB-PINACA and 5F-MDMB-PICA was proved to be 2.50 hours and 2.68 hours, respectively.

Keywords:

• Designer drugs
• human clinical data
• 5F-MDMB-PINACA
• 5F-MDMB-PICA
• half-life

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Tamás Csesztregi (Drug Investigation Department, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences) for providing seizure data, Előd Hidvégi (Dept. Forensic Toxicology, HIFS) for the information about data of DUID drivers, the Regional Ambulance Service for sample transportation, and Edit Brutyóné Kopasz and Gabriella Kovács for technical assistance.

Author contributors

ÉK and LI developed the study concept. Documentation and samples were collected by IE, ÁB, IU, Cs P, analysis of the samples was performed by LI, ÉS, RB, and TK, data evaluation by ÉK, LI and KK. Half-life was calculated by IN. LI drafted the manuscript, ÉK and KK provided critical revision. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Human Capacities and by EU-funded Hungarian grant EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00008 and Emberi Eroforrások Minisztériuma, Budapest, Hungary;EU funded Hungarian grant.