Pattern of poisoning in the elderly: An experience from Tehran

Abstract

Introduction. Poisoning is considered a significant health problem in the elderly. This study aimed to portray the pattern of poisoning in the elderly population of Tehran. Methods. This cross-sectional study included all patients aged 60 years and older with acute poisoning who attended the emergency department of the Loghman-Hakim hospital over a six-month period (n=299). Results. Episodes of poisoning were more common in men (70.9%) and the majority of incidents took place in the patient's own home (84.3%). Most episodes were accidental (53.2%) followed by attempted suicide (32.4%). Opioids and opiate products accounted for 54.02% of the non-pharmaceutical substances that were involved in episodes of poisoning. Overdose with opioids and opiate products, was higher in male patients than in female patients. The most frequently involved drug groups were benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and analgesics. The most common cause of accidental poisoning was overdose by drug abusers. The Poisoning Severity Score was minor in 25.4%, moderate in 52.2%, and severe in 17.1% of patients. Asymptomatic patients accounted for 5.4% of the total. Unfortunately, 11.7% of patients died. The main agents involved in the fatal cases were opioids and opiate products. Conclusion. The commonest method of accidental poisoning was overdose in opioid and opiate abusers. Attempted suicide was also very common comprising about one third of all cases. The high mortality observed in this study warrants attention to the risk factors and prognostic factors of poisoning in elderly.

Keywords: :

• Poisoning
• Elderly
• Opiate
• Opioids

Acknowledgments

This research was performed by a grant from Sina Trauma Research Center with the collaboration of Loghman-Hakim hospital staff. We thank Professor Moosa Zargar, Professor Abdolkarim Pajomand, Dr. Mohamad Reza Zarei, and Dr. Naser Jalali for their expert opinions and guidance in the conduct of the project. We thank Dr. Sattar Taghizadeh for kindly reviewing the article to make the language more comprehensible.