On the Perfectibility of the Human Species: Evidence Using Fixed Reference Groups

ABSTRACT

When earlier editions of IQ, adaptive, and basic skills achievement tests are used as fixed reference groups massive gains emerge. We are more intelligent, mature, and literate than our parents and grandparents. The use of previous editions of norm referenced tests as fixed referenced groups is presented as a viable addition to criterion reference tests in measuring real changes across time. The decline in SAT scores is discussed in relation to its changing applicant pool. Because IQ, adaptive and basic skills achievement tests are universal, their changes lend themselves to a more straightforward interpretation.