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ABSTRACT
Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) was developed from chicken waste. A blend of chicken fat and waste chicken oil was used as a feedstock for FAEE preparation via alkali-catalyzed transesterification with ethanol assisted by a co-solvent. Hexane was used as the co-solvent. The influences of alkali catalyst type and concentration, ethanol/blend molar ratio, hexane/ethanol volume ratio, temperature, time, and type of co-solvent on the yield of FAEE were investigated. The best yield of FAEE (96.94%~96.78% w/w ester content) was obtained at 0.75% KOH w/w, 8:1 ethanol/blend molar ratio, 1.5:1 hexane/ethanol volume ratio, 60°C temperature, and 60 min of reaction. The fuel properties of FAEE produced as well as its blends with petro diesel were within the range of those prescribed by ASTM D 6751 standards, indicating its suitability as fuel for combustion engines. It was concluded that the presence of co-solvent increased the yield of FAEE and enhanced its properties compared to FAEE produced via non-solvent processes. The process was found to follow first-order kinetics, and the activation energy was found to be 13.31 kJ/mol.
