A novel intelligent transport system charging scheduling for electric vehicles using Grey Wolf Optimizer and Sail Fish Optimization algorithms

ABSTRACT

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) intentions to attain traffic efficiency by diminishing traffic difficulties. It supplies information like traffic issues, real-time traveling information, parking availability, etc., in advance to the users who are connected with the smart cities that ensure travelers’ safety and comfort. This ITS technique should merge with Electric Vehicles (EVs) because nowadays, EVs have become familiar in the last decade owing to the requirement to cut greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuels. However, traffic jams caused by EVs driven to the charging stations (CSs) can result in the complex charging scheduling of EVs. Therefore, an effective algorithm is developed for optimal charging scheduling using the proposed Grey Sail Fish Optimization (GSFO). The proposed charging scheduling algorithm integrates Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Sail Fish Optimization (SFO). For each EV, the demand when charging is computed. The path used by the EV to travel to the charging station is determined by computing the path decision factor. In comparison to existing techniques, the proposed GSFO-based charging algorithm schedules EVs to charging stations based on the fitness function, and the performance was improved with a traffic density of 26.11 km, a distance of 0.0278 kW, and a power of 2.3377. To be more specific, the proposed GSFO improved when many vehicles were considered.

KEYWORDS:

• Electric Vehicle (EV)
• Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)
• charging schedules
• Sail Fish Optimization (SFO)
• transport system

Nomenclature

Table

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rajasekaran Rajamoorthy

Rajasekaran Rajamoorthy currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at SNS College of Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. He published several research articles in reputed journals in the area of power electronics, renewable energy, etc.

Gokulalakshmi Arunachalam

Gokulalakshmi Arunachalam currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at SNS College of Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. She published several research articles in the area of biomedical engineering, biosciences, etc.

Padmanathan Kasinathan

Padmanathan Kasinathan currently working as Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He published several research articles in the area of renewable energy, power electronics, etc.

Ramkumar Devendiran

Ramkumar Devendiran currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He published several articles in the area of database management systems, data mining, etc

P. Ahmadi

P. Ahmadi is an expert in the area of Energy systems. He has published some papers in this area. He has worked as a process engineer in petrochemical plants, power generation sectors and automotive industries. He has been a reviewer for IEEE journals, ACS journal and energy related journal in Elsevier.

Santhiya Pandiyan

Santhiya Pandiyan received the bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and Engineering and the master’s degree in Computer Science and Engineering during the year 2013 and 2015 from Anna University, Coimbatore and Anna University, Chennai respectively. Currently, she is working towards the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering at Anna University, Chennai in the area of Machine Learning. She worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Paavai Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal from 2016 to 2021 for a period of about 5 years 7 months. Since August 2021, she has been working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode. She published 8 research articles in various international journal publications like Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, etc. and presented 4 papers in national/international conferences. Her areas of interest include Machine Learning, deep Learning, Internet of Things, Data structures, etc.

Suresh Muthusamy

Suresh Muthusamy received the bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the master’s degree in Power Electronics and Drives during the year 2009 and 2011 from Anna University, Chennai and Anna University, Coimbatore respectively. Currently, he is working towards the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering at Anna University, Chennai in the area of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems. Since 2011, he has been working as Assistant Professor Senior Grade in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode. He published more than 75 research articles in the reputed international journal publications like Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, ASME, etc & indexed in SCI, SCIE, Scopus and Web of Science with good impact factor and also presented many papers in national and international conferences. His areas of interests include hybrid renewable energy systems, power electronic converters, hybrid electric vehicles and battery management systems.

Hitesh Panchal

Hitesh Panchal received the bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Government Engineering College, Modasa, Gujarat during the year 2004 and the master’s degree in Internal Combustion Engines and Automobile from L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat during the year 2006. He then received the Ph.D degree in Mechanical Engineering in the area of Solar Thermal Engineering from K.S.V. University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat in 2015. Dr. Panchal has published more than 150 research articles in reputed National and International Journal publications like Taylor and Francis, Springer, Elsevier, ASME, SAGE, etc. and also received 5000+ Google Scholar citations with h-index of 47 and i-10 index of 113. Dr.Panchal received many prestigious awards like Best Ph.D Thesis Award, Bharat Excellence Award, Young Scientist Award, Bright Researchers Award and many more from various organizations. Dr.Panchal has completed 2 Research projects from GUJCOST, DST of 15 lakhs and currently working on one Research project from DTE. Dr.Panchal has filed 24 full patents & 10 Industrial designs and among them 2 patents & 7 industrial designs has been granted. Dr.Panchal has been selected in “Top 2% Indian Scientist under the energy category” published by Stanford University for the year 2020 and 2021.

Hussein A Kazem

Hussein A. Kazem has received his BSc, MSc in electrical engineering from the University of Technology (UOT), Baghdad-Iraq also, Ph.D. from Newcastle University (NCL), United Kingdom. In 1995 he joined Al-Mamon College, and in 1996 he was appointed as Assistant Lecturer in UOT, and from 1997 to 2002 he was a Lecturer and Program Coordinator with the Faculty of Engineering, Al Tahady University, Libya. In 2002-present, Hussein became an Assistant then Associate Professor with the Sohar University, Oman. Also, he is an academic visiting member of staff at Newcastle University-United Kingdom and a visiting scientist at the National University of Malaysia. Hussein is involved in academics and research, for the last 25 years and is associated with professional organizations and engineering societies as a member, researcher, editor, and reviewer such as IEEE, IET, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, MDPI, Hindawi, EDP science, IAENG, WREN, Nature, and WSEAS. Hussein organized and participated in many conferences, symposiums, and workshops. He has authored several publications, including more than 200 papers published in scientific journals and conferences, some 50 invited talks, eight chapters, and seven books. Dr. Hussein is the winner of the Sohar University Vice-Chancellor award for Research. Also, He is the winner of some national and international awards: the “Golden Medal Award”-Pecipta’13 Malaysia, and “Outstanding Renewable Energy Lab Award”-World Renewable Energy Congress 2014 London, United Kingdom, “Renewable & Sustainable Energy Pioneer Award”-World Renewable Energy Congress 2016 Jakarta, Indonesia, “Special Award of Excellence in Renewable Energy Research”- World Renewable Energy Congress 2018 Kingston, United Kingdom, IEEE Best Paper Award 2021; is an inventor and co-inventor of 2 patents. Hussein had supervised and graduated more than 50 BSc, 8 MSc, and 3 Ph.D. Dr. Hussein has completed four ORG, one Sustainable Future research grand, and one FURAP research project granted as Principle Investigator and Co-Investigator funded by The Research Council of Oman (TRC). Also, he is currently working on few research grants. His current researches interests are in the area of Photovoltaic, solar thermal, PV/T, Renewable Energy, Power Electronics, Power Quality, and Electrical Power Systems. Hussein is chairman of the Renewable Energy & Sustainable Technology Research Group. Dr. Hussein is the team leader of the Generation & Storage taskforce in the Oman Renewable Energy Strategic Program. Also, he is the manager and editor of the journal of Renewable energy & Environmental Sustainability.

Prabhakar Sharma

Prabhakar Sharma is associated with Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi, INDIA as an Asst. Professor. He has 11 Years of Academic and 15 Years of Industrial Experience working in Aviation Sector. He did his PhD in Artificial intelligence based renewable energy system modeling. He has authored several journal papers in International Collaborations and attended international conferences. He has research interest in renewable energy, emission reduction and artificial intelligence. Presently working on AI based research on Intelligent systems, fuel additives, hybrid nanofluids, and biomass gasification.