https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4197-9986
![Sample our Engineering & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5933/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Engineering-Tech.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
The solar heat gain is a significant factor to be considered while designing sustainable Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning system for the working rooms in the future. By installing photovoltaics on rooftop, building can be insulated from heat and the cooling load requirement for the rooms can be reduced significantly. Advantages of building applied photovoltaic systems for building insulation are justified by means of measurements and modeling. Thermal and air quality measurements outside and inside rooms of similar area, under different types of PV arrays are observed and the phenomenon of solar heat gain is studied. The experiment was conducted in Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India, in the months of February and March of 2019. Thermal infrared imaging data for room ceilings showed a reduction of up to 2.5°C under PV array compared to those with open roof. Computer simulations indicated significant differences in temperature, between ceilings covered by PV array and ceilings with open rooftop. The relative humidity inside the rooms covered by PV arrays is 10% higher as compared to rooms with open rooftop. Due to the installed 100 kWe solar photovoltaic plant, emission of nearly 100 kg CO2 is reduced per day. There is a reduction in 28.5% CO2 inside the room with elevated PV panels at the roof top compared to room without PV panels.
Nomenclature
| Tc | = | Temperature of ceiling (K) |
| Tr | = | Temperature of roof (K) |
| Ta | = | Temperature of air on roof (K) |
| Ti | = | Temperature of air inside room (K) |
| Tp | = | Temperature of surface of solar panel (K) |
| Tu | = | Temperature of underside of solar panel (K) |
| Tsol | = | Sol-air temperature (K) |
| Tmr | = | Mean radiant temperature (K) |
| ΔTu | = | Difference between Ta and Tmr (K) |
| α | = | Solar absorptance (no unit) |
| αr | = | Solar absorptance of roof (no unit) |
| ε | = | Emissivity (no unit) |
| Ig | = | Global solar irradiance (W/m2) |
| Id | = | Diffuse solar irradiance (W/m2) |
| Isd | = | Diffuse solar irradiance under shade (W/m2) |
| F | = | View factor (no unit) |
| β | = | angle of inclination (degree) |
| hr | = | Heat transfer co-efficient for radiation (W/m2K) |
| ho | = | Outside heat transfer co-efficient (W/m2K) |
| σb | = | Stefan Boltzmann constant (W/m2K4) |
| q | = | Heat flux (W/m2) |
| qr | = | Radiative heat exchange (J) |
| X | = | Radiation Angle Factor (no unit) |
| ∆Qir | = | Extra infrared radiation due to difference between the external air temperature and the apparent sky temperature (J) |
| k | = | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) |
| ρ | = | Density (kg/m3) |
| Cp | = | Specific heat (J/kg K) |
| R | = | Thermal Resistance (K m2 /W) |
Subscripts
| g | = | Ground level photovoltaic |
| e | = | Elevated level photovoltaic |
| r | = | Roof surface |
| b | = | Back panel of photovoltaic |
| o | = | Open roof |
| 0 | = | Values at any instant of time |
| s | = | Computer simulated value |
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College. The instruments for conducting the study were provided by the personnel of Heat Transfer Laboratory, and we convey our gratitude to them.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Selvakumar Pandiaraj
Selvakumar Pandiaraj completed the bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering in the year 2002. He received the Master of Technology degree in Energy Systems Engineering from VIT University, Vellore in the year 2004. He was awarded with Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering from Anna University, Chennai in the year 2015. He is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kongu Engineering College, an Autonomous institution located in Erode district of Tamilnadu. He has received research and development grants from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, All India Council for Technical Education and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. He has published more than 15 research papers in Scopus and WoS indexed journals. He has executed more than 30 consultancy projects in the field of Energy Audit and Management. He is an active member in Society of Automotive Engineers India and Institution of Engineers India.
Abubakkar Abdul Jaffar
Abubakkar Abdul Jaffar had his bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Institute of Road and Transport Technology and Master’s degree in Thermal Engineering from Government College of Engineering, Salem. He worked in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Kongu Engineering College, an Autonomous institution located in Erode district of Tamilnadu in the capacity of Assistant Professor (Senior Grade). He has published 8 research papers in Scopus and WoS indexed journals. He is a Bureau of Energy Efficiency Certified Energy Auditor as well as Certified Professional for Green Audit by Indian Green Building Council.
Suresh Muthusamy
Suresh Muthusamy received the bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the master’s degree in Power Electronics and Drives during the year 2009 and 2011 from Anna University, Chennai and Anna University, Coimbatore respectively. Currently, he is working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering at Anna University, Chennai in the area of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems. He worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode during the period June 2011 to January 2020. From January 2020 onwards, he has been working as Assistant Professor Senior Grade in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode. He published more than 85 research articles in well reputed and refereed international journals like Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, ASME, ASTM international, MDPI, etc & indexed in SCI, SCIE, ESCI, Scopus and Web of Science with good impact factor. He presented several research articles in national and international conferences and also serving as the reviewer, editor for about 52 international journals including IET Renewable Power Generation, IET Journal of Engineering, etc. To his credit, he has filed and published 28 Indian patents in IPR website, governed by Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India. His areas of interests include hybrid renewable energy systems, power electronic converters, hybrid electric vehicles and battery management systems.
Hitesh Panchal
Hitesh Panchal received the bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Government Engineering College, Modasa, Gujarat during the year 2004 and the master’s degree in Internal Combustion Engines and Automobile from L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat during the year 2006. He then received the Ph.D degree in Mechanical Engineering in the area of Solar Thermal Engineering from K.S.V. University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat in 2015. Dr. Panchal has published more than 150 research articles in reputed National and International Journal publications like Taylor and Francis, Springer, Elsevier, ASME, SAGE, etc. and also received 5000+ Google Scholar citations with h-index of 47 and i-10 index of 113. Dr.Panchal received many prestigious awards like Best Ph.D Thesis Award, Bharat Excellence Award, Young Scientist Award, Bright Researchers Award and many more from various organizations. Dr.Panchal has completed 2 Research projects from GUJCOST, DST of 15 lakhs and currently working on one Research project from DTE. Dr.Panchal has filed 24 full patents & 10 Industrial designs and among them 2 patents & 7 industrial designs has been granted. Dr.Panchal has been selected in “Top 2% Indian Scientist under the energy category” published by Stanford University for the year 2020 and 2021.
Santhiya Pandiyan
Santhiya Pandiyan received the bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and Engineering and the master’s degree in Computer Science and Engineering during the year 2013 and 2015 from Anna University, Coimbatore and Anna University, Chennai respectively. Currently, she is working toward the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering at Anna University, Chennai in the area of Machine Learning. She worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Paavai Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal from 2016 to 2021 for a period of about 5 years 7 months. Since August 2021, she has been working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode. She published 12 research articles in various international journal publications like Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, MDPI, etc. and presented 4 papers in national/international conferences. Her areas of interest include Machine Learning, deep Learning, Internet of Things, Data structures, etc.