https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-3712
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ABSTRACT
Zeolite is a potential material for use as a catalyst in various catalytic reactions. In this research, green diesel-range hydrocarbons were successfully derived from refined palm oil via a hydrotreating process in a batch-stirred autoclave reactor using activated Indonesian natural zeolite (ANZ) as a catalyst. A series of detailed characterizations, including XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR, N2 sorption isotherm, and NH3-TPD, were utilized to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalyst. Herein, the ANZ, dominated by the mordenite phase, was prepared through dealumination and NH4+-exchange, and directly used without calcination that is commonly performed to convert NH4+ into a proton. Moreover, the hydrotreating reaction was carried out at 375°C with a weight ratio of feed to catalyst of 100:1. The catalytic tests showed that C15 alkanes were the most dominant liquid product obtained via the decarbonylation reaction mechanism of refined palm oil. In addition, the highest activity of the ANZ catalyst exhibited up to ~36 wt.% and selectivity up to 70% toward the formation of C15 diesel-range with cetane numbers in the range 71 and 77.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Material Sciences National fellowship (awarded to W.W.L). We also thank Dr. Wirawan Ciptonugroho and Dr. Mohammad Gith Al Shaal (Max-Planck Institute, Germany) for conducting the NH3-TPD measurements.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2113934