https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-3138
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ABSTRACT
This paper proposes the design and development of a power electronic converter intended for induction generator (IG) to harvest the power generated from variable wind in a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is anticipated for fairly fixed speed operation, while its speed should be super-synchronous with respect to the synchronous speeds corresponding to the frequency of the receiving alternating current bus bar. In the existing WECS, SCIG requires a minimum wind velocity below which generation is not possible. The novelty of the proposed method is that the range of wind velocities can be selected over which generation is possible. To achieve this, the proposed system makes use of a variable voltage and variable frequency converter (VVVFC). Depending upon the wind velocity, the frequency of the VVVFC is adjusted such that the speed of the turbine and hence the IG are virtually maintained at super synchronous speeds with respect to the frequency of the AC side of the VVVFC. In addition, the perturb and observe-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is also implemented. The proposed methodology also includes a series compensated buck–boost converter (SCBBC) inserted between the battery and the direct current link of the final inverter that feeds an RL load. Simulation in the MATLAB Simulink environment is carried out, and an experimental prototype has also been developed to validate the proposed method. Based on the results, it is found that the proposed variable speed system with the integration of VVVFC, SCBBC, and MPPT harvests is 78% greater than the conventional fixed speed system.
Nomenclature
| DFIG | = | Doubly fed induction generator |
| IG | = | Induction generator |
| LVRT | = | Low voltage ride through |
| MPPT | = | Maximum power point tracking |
| PIC | = | Programmable interface controller |
| PMSG | = | Permanent magnet synchronous generator |
| RMF | = | Rotating magnetic field |
| SCBBC | = | Series compensated buck–boost converter |
| SCIG | = | Squirrel cage induction generator |
| SCIM | = | Squirrel cage induction motor |
| THD | = | Total harmonic distortion |
| VVVFC | = | Variable voltage and variable frequency converter |
| WECS | = | Wind energy conversion system |
| A | = | Area in square-meter |
| D | = | Duty cycle ratio |
| E | = | Boost voltage in volt |
| Ibat | = | Battery current in ampere |
| Is | = | Source current in ampere |
| Pbat | = | Power delivered to the battery in watts |
| T | = | Torque in Newton meter |
| V | = | Wind velocity in miles/second |
| Vbat | = | Battery voltage in volt |
| Vc | = | Capacitor voltage in volt |
| Vin | = | Input voltage in volt |
| Vout | = | Output voltage in volt |
| λ | = | Tip speed ratio |
| β | = | Pitch angle in degree |
| ρ | = | Air density in kg/m3 |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Ponarun Ramamoorthi
Ponarun Ramamoorthi received his B.E. degree from the Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2009. He completed his M.E. degree from Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2011. Currently, he is pursuing Ph.D degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India. At present, he is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Theni Kammavar Sangam College of Technology, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India. His area of interest includes renewable energy power generation and power electronic converters.
Karthigaivel Ramasamy
Karthigaivel Ramasamy received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Madurai Kamaraj University, India in 2001, and he received the Master of Technology degree in Power system and Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, in 2005 and 2012, respectively. He currently works as a professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, India. His field of interest is the design of power electronics controllers for renewable Energy Sources, power system operation control, electrical Vehicle and machine Learning.
Suresh Muthusamy
Suresh Muthusamy received his bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the master’s degree in Power Electronics and Drives during the year 2009 and 2011 from Anna University, Chennai and Anna University, Coimbatore, respectively. Currently, he is working towards the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering at Anna University, Chennai, in the area of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems. He worked as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode, during the period June 2011–January 2020. From January 2020 onwards, he has been working as Assistant Professor Senior Grade in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Kongu Engineering College (Autonomous), Perundurai, Erode. He published more than 85 research articles in well-reputed and refereed international journals from Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, ASME, ASTM international, MDPI, etc. and indexed in SCI, SCIE, ESCI, Scopus, and Web of Science with good impact factor. He presented several research articles in national and international conferences and also serving as the reviewer, editor for about 52 international journals including IET Renewable Power Generation, IET Journal of Engineering, etc. To his credit, he has filed and published 28 Indian patents in IPR website, governed by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. His areas of interests include hybrid renewable energy systems, power electronic converters, hybrid electric vehicles, and battery management systems.