https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-8283
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ABSTRACT
Current research investigates performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder 4-S diesel engine powered by different ternary fuel blends of diesel, mango seed (potential renewable feedstock of energy generation) biodiesel (MSB) and butanol (promising, sustainable, renewable and eco-friendly) oxygenated additive at different loading conditions experimentally. For the purpose, oil is extracted from discarded mango seeds through Soxhlet apparatus and biodiesel is prepared through transesterification process. Different blending mixture of MSB (fixed in 20%), diesel (80%, 75%, 70%, and 65%) and butanol (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) additive on their volume basis are prepared through magnetic stirring. These blends are named as MSB20B0, MSB20B5, MSB20B10, and MSB20B15, respectively. Experiment reveals that MSB20B5 lowers the BSFC by 25.79% and increases the BTE by 8.46% in comparison to MSB20B0 at maximum loading and approaching diesel fuel. In addition, MSB20B5 blend reduces the exhaust pollutants such as HC, NOx, CO2, and CO by 9.16%, 17.74%, 9.92%, and 13.33%, respectively, compared to MSB20B0 biodiesel blend at maximum loading. Overall, MSB20B5 ternary blend improves engine performance and reduce emissions hence recommended for diesels.
Acknowledgment
Authors would like to thank “Chemical Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh), India” for support and providing us all facilities during oil extraction and biodiesel preparation experiments. This research has not received any grants from funding agencies.
Nomenclature
| ASTM | = | American society for testing and materials |
| BP | = | Brake power |
| BSFC | = | Brake Specific Fuel Consumption |
| BTE | = | Brake Thermal Efficiency |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | = | Carbon dioxide |
| EGT | = | Exhaust Gas Temperature |
| HC | = | Hydrocarbon |
| NOx | = | Nitrogen oxides |
| O2 | = | Oxygen |
| RPM | = | Revolution per minutes |
| MSO | = | Mango seed oil |
| MSB | = | Mango seed biodiesel |
| MSB20B0 | = | Diesel 80%, MSB 20% and butanol 0% |
| MSB20B5 | = | Diesel 75%, MSB 20% and butanol 5% |
| MSB20B10 | = | Diesel 70%, MSB 20% and butanol 10% |
| MSB20B15 | = | Diesel 65%, MSB 20% and butanol 15% |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2022.2143954