https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-8022
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ABSTRACT
In this article, titania with silver nanoparticles is synthesized in composite form and suspended in water to prepare TiO2-Ag/water hybrid nanofluid. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of titania-silver/water for 0.1 vol.% and 0.2 vol.% are measured, and their regression models are used in simulation. Using ANSYS version 19, the CFD simulation of the flat plate solar collector model is conducted at different mass flow rates (0.01–0.025 kg/s) and at reduced temperatures (0–0.025 m2K/W). From the analysis, the performance of water and TiO2-Ag/water is compared for both energetic and exergetic aspects. The maximum enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient is about 13% and 16.1% for hybrid nanofluids of 0.1 vol.% and 0.2 vol.%, respectively, at 0.01 kg/s, compared with water. The maximum energy efficiency enhancement is around 0.85% and 1.03%, whereas the exergy efficiency enhancement is around 1.4% and 3.52% for 0.1 vol.% and 0.2 vol.% nanofluid, respectively, in comparison with water.
Abbreviation
| FPSC | = | Flat plate solar collector |
| TCR | = | Thermal conductivity ratio |
| HTF | = | Heat transfer fluid |
| LHTC | = | Local heat transfer coefficient |
| HTC | = | Heat transfer Coefficient |
Nomenclature
| A | = | Area m2 |
| hw | = | Wind loss coefficient W/m2K |
| N | = | No. of glasses - |
| h | = | Local heat transfer coefficient W/m2K |
| T | = | Temperature K |
| U | = | Heat loss coefficient W/m2K |
| t | = | Thickness m |
| I | = | Solar Insolation W/m2 |
| Re | = | Reynolds number - |
| u | = | velocity m/s |
| = | Tilt angle deg | |
| = | Boundary layer thickness m | |
| = | Transmittance-absorbance product - | |
| = | Energy Efficiency - | |
| = | Volume fraction - | |
| k | = | Thermal conductivity W/mK |
| L | = | Length of the riser m |
| = | Inner tube diameter m | |
| = | Mass flow rate of the collector kg/s | |
| = | Pressure drop Pa | |
| Pr | = | Prandtl Number - |
| V | = | Velocity m/s |
| q | = | Heat flux W/m2 |
| Cp | = | Specific heat capacity J/kg K |
| = | Emissivity - | |
| = | Density Kg/m3 | |
| = | Dynamic Viscosity Pa.s | |
| = | Exergy Efficiency - | |
| Subscript | = |
|
| t | = | Top |
| tube | = | Tube |
| b | = | Bottom |
| c | = | Collector |
| f | = | fluid |
| p | = | Plate |
| o | = | outlet |
| w | = | water |
| u | = | useful |
| i | = | Inlet |
| s | = | Sun |
| avg | = | average |
| wall | = | Wall |
| tot | = | total |
| m | = | Fluid mean |
| Num | = | Numerical |
| Exp | = | Experimental |
| g | = | Glass |
| a | = | Ambient |
| hnf | = | Hybrid nanofluid |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
A. Idrish Khan
Idrish khan obtained his bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai and completed his master degree in Solar Energy from College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai. Currently, he is pursuing Ph.D. programme in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai. He was awarded with Direct – Senior Research Fellowship (2018-2021) from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India. He has published six research papers in international journals. Solar energy, nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, application of nanofluids in heat transfer systems and numerical heat transfer analysis are his research interests.
A. Valan Arasu
Prof. Dr. A. Valan Arasu is a Professor and Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India. He obtained his bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India and both Master’s in Thermal Engineering and Ph.D. from Anna University, Chennai, India. He completed PDF in the area of energy storage with phase change materials at NUS, Singapore under BOYSCAST fellowship from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. His area of research is solar thermal energy, heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid, thermal energy storage using PCM (phase change material). He has about 29 years of teaching experience. He has published more than 75 technical papers in refereed international journals and conferences. He has 2 granted and 2 published Indian utility patents. He has carried out sponsored research project works as Principal Investigator from funding agencies like DST- SERC, DST- FIST, AICTE- RPS, AICTE- MODROB, TEDA, etc. and consultancy works. He has authored three engineering Test books viz. Turbomachines, Thermal Engineering and Thermodynamics. He is listed in Marquis Who’s Who in the World 2009. He has guided 10 Ph. D. scholars and delivered 35 technical lectures.