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ABSTRACT
Excessive phosphorus content in biodiesel can adversely affect the combustion and emission processes. Phosphorus is also an important nutrient for the optimal growth of plants and the normal regulation of animal cells. The present study investigated Jatropha biodiesel. The phosphorus in the biodiesel was removed by the magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystallization method, using the response surface method (RSM) for the design of the phosphorus removal test and optimization of the key parameters of MAP synthesis, and the products synthesized under the optimized conditions were characterized. The results showed a 99.66% conversion rate of phosphorus in the phosphorus removal process, with no significant interaction between Mg2+:PO43- (X2) and NH4+:PO43- (X3) during the phosphorus conversion process. The MAP yield was 47.67%, and a significant interaction between pH (X1) and NH4+:PO43- (X3) was observed during the MAP. The optimal conditions for MAP crystallization through RSM optimization were found to be pH 9.374 and a PO43-:Mg2+:NH4+ molar ratio of 1:2.889:3.000. A 94.13% phosphorus removal rate was observed under the optimized conditions, with a MAP yield of 49.09%, both of which were close to the predicted values of 95.00% and 49.45%, respectively. The synthesis products under the optimized conditions were characterized in detail and the synthesis of MAP was demonstrated.
Abbreviations
| CCD | = | Central composite design |
| FTIR | = | Fourier Transform Interferometric Radiometer |
| FE-SEM | = | Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope |
| FTIR | = | Fourier Transform Interferometric Radiometer |
| MAP | = | Magnesium ammonium phosphate |
| RSM | = | Response surface methodology |
| XRD | = | X-ray diffraction |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Li Zhou
Li Zhou Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing- Original draft preparation.
Fashe Li
Fashe Li Supervision, Data curation.
Wenchao Wang
Wengchao Wang Software, Reviewing and editing.
Hua Wang
Hua Wang Reviewing.