https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-8733
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ABSTRACT
This work aims to find an alternative source of energy in the engine revolution with more efficiency concerning performance characteristics, emission behavior and combustion characteristics than traditional diesel fuel. In this present work, the following composition is obtained by blending Orange Peel Oil (OPO) and Lemon Peel Oil (LPO) at 20%, traditional diesel fuel at 80% (Blend 1) & OPO and LPO at 12.5%, traditional diesel at 75% (Blend 2) and Use a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine to determine the optimal composition across all dimensions. Compared with diesel, there is a noticeable decrease in emissions such as CO, UHC, and smoke and an increase in NOx emission, as well as a significant improvement in thermal efficiency or energy efficiency. BTE was increased 3% while using blend 2 and 2% while using blend 1 at peak load condition when weighted against to traditional diesel fuel. BSFC decreases on both blends when compared to diesel. But NOx is higher when compared to diesel, hence it can be reduced by using additives like BHT, 2EHN and PD at 1.2%, 0.8% and 98% of mixing proportions and run it on a single cylinder engine under varied pressure at 300 bar, 450 bar and 600 bar respectively. The Taguchi optimization is opted to find the best blend in all aspects. It is found that the L16 orthogonal array was used to for this investigation. The NOx has been reduced nearly by 10% when compared to LPO and OPO blends and it gives more efficient results both in efficiency and reduced toxic emissions.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Abbreviations
| Terms | = | Abbreviations |
| BTE | = | Brake Thermal Efficiency |
| 2-EHN | = | 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Nitrate |
| AO | = | Mixture of Additives and Antioxidant |
| BHT | = | Butylated Hydroxy Toluene |
| BP | = | Brake Power |
| BSFC | = | Brake Specific Fuel Consumption |
| bTDC | = | Before Top Dead Centre |
| CNI | = | Cetane Number Improver |
| CO | = | Carbon Monoxide |
| CPME | = | Ceiba pentandra methyl ester |
| CU | = | Cumene |
| DEE | = | diethyl ether |
| DGE | = | Diglyme |
| EGR | = | Exhaust Gas recirculation |
| IC | = | Internal Combustion Engine |
| IP | = | Injection Pressure |
| LPO | = | Lemon Peel Oil |
| NOx | = | Oxides of Nitrogen |
| OPO | = | Orange Peel oil |
| PD | = | Petroleum distillate |
| S/N | = | Signal to Noise |
| UHC | = | Unburned Hydro Carbon |
| VOCs | = | volatile organic compounds |
Supplemental material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2024.2368495
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Jagan Padmanaban
Jagan Padmanaban, who was born in 1994 in Tamil Nadu, India, completed his undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering in 2015 and subsequently completed a master’s degree in the field of automobile engineering in 2017 at Anna University. He has 7 years of teaching students with academic and research knowledge.
Dr.Annamalai Kandaswamy
Dr.Annamalai Kandaswamy completed his Ph.D. degree in 2005 at the College of Engineering in Guindy. Now, with 28 years of teaching and research experience, he has published more than 75 research articles, supervised 24 Ph.D. scholars, and is one of the most appreciable research supervisors in the institute. He is currently working as the Professor and head of the automobile engineering department of Anna University.
Paul James Thadhani Joshua
Paul James Thadhani Joshua has completed his Masters in computer-aided design at Anna University, Tirunelveli, and is currently pursuing his research in automotive engine modifications. He has a total of 12 years of teaching and research experience.
Arivarasan Natarajan
Arivarasan Natarajan has finished his Masters in Internal Combustion Engines at Anna University, Villupuram, and is currently doing his research on higher alcohol blends in diesel engines. He has a total of 8 years of teaching and research experience.