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ABSTRACT
Hydrogen is recognized as one of the most clean energy carriers in the future which can be used as a raw material for production of chemicals or as a fuel for energy systems. There are several thermochemical, biological, and electrochemical pathways for hydrogen production such as thermochemical methods, water electrolysis, renewable liquid reforming, photobiological water splitting, and nuclear hydrogen production. In this work, the environmental, economic, and technical performance as well as advantages and disadvantages of common methods for hydrogen production are reviewed. This paper also aimed to compare the hydrogen production methods and obtain a good knowledge of challenges and limitations around chemical methods. On the basis of their characterstics, the current hydrogen production methods can be broadly divided into five main groups: thermochemical hydrogen production, water electrolysis, renewable liquid reforming, photobiological hydrogen production, and nuclear hydrogen production. Based on the literature data, it was found that biomass gasification is a good option for hydrogen production and plays an important role in the development of sustainable hydrogen economy.