Swimming exercise in combination with garlic extract administration as a therapy against doxorubicin-induced hepatic, heart and renal toxicity to rats

Abstract

Effect of swimming training is considered on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in the liver, heart, and kidney of rats. Histopathological degeneration could partially be prevented in swimming-trained rats pretreated with garlic extract. Exercise combined with garlic extract reduced the malondialdehyde value and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Doxorubicin treatment enhanced the mean values of blood ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes, as well as hepatic, cardiac, and renal TNF-α and HSP70 (p < .05). Swimming alone or supplemented with garlic extract can protect liver, heart, and kidney against doxorubicin toxicity by increasing antioxidants and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Keywords:

• Doxorubicin
• garlic extract
• swimming exercise
• oxidative stress
• rats

Acknowledgements

We would like to appreciate the staffs of the exercise physiology centers of Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran and also by a grant received from Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran.