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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are broadly producing secondary metabolites including cyanotoxins. More than 40 genera of cyanobacteria produce cyanotoxins. The presence of cyanotoxins in water presents a global problem due to environmental deterioration and possible toxic effects to human and animals. Because of anthropogenic activities and climate change, the occurrence of these toxins have been increasing worldwide. The major route of human exposure to cyanotoxins is the oral intake. Increased exposure of cyanotoxins brings some risks related to public health. In this review, possible genotoxic effects of well-known cyanotoxins (Cylindrospermopsin, Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a) were deeply reviewed. This article aimed to explain genotoxic activity and mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of cyanotoxins by reviewing large databases.
Author contributions
SY designed, analyzed, wrote and revised manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript. TGÜ designed, analyzed, wrote manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript. BG analyzed and wrote manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript. ŞÖ designed and analyzed manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript. DÖK designed and analyzed manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript. EB designed and analyzed manuscript. Also approved final version of the submitted manuscript.
Disclosure statement
No conflicts, informed consent, or human or animal rights are applicable to this study.