Residual contents of the toxic metals (lead and cadmium), and the trace elements (copper and zinc) in the bovine meat and dairy products: residues, dietary intakes, and their health risk assessment

Abstract

Residual content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the retailed meat and dairy products in Egypt was estimated. Calculation of estimated weekly intake (EWI) and health risks was followed. Results revealed detection of tested metals in all samples at variable concentrations with higher Pb and Cd than maximum permissible limits. However, the calculated EWI did not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, calculation of the hazard ratio and index for mixed metal contaminants did not exceed one, indication that products consumption would not pose adverse effects on consumers.

Keywords:

• Heavy metals
• meat products
• dairy products
• health risk assessment
• Egypt

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful for the technical and financial support provided by the institutions of the authors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).