Western Christians’ Responses to Denials of Religious Freedom

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Notes

1. Prof. Javier Martínez-Torrón, personal communication, April 11, 2015.

2. For an explanation of the ‘Rome Model,” see Introvigne (2015). For an overview and critique of western “hate speech” laws, see Marshall and Shea (2011).

3. See cases listed by the Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians http://www.intoleranceagainstchristians.eu/index.php?id=818.

4. I have excluded cases categorized under ‘intolerance toward religious symbols,’ ‘insult or incitement,’ ‘defamation,’ or ‘negative stereotyping.’ I also use approximate figures since definitions of incidents may overlap and involve several countries, http://www.intoleranceagainstchristians.eu/advancedsearch.html?user_extmininews_pi1[clear]=1.

5. Figures provided by Effie Fokas.

6. Julia Doxat-Purser, European Evangelical Alliance Socio-Political Rep & Religious Liberty Coordinator, personal communication, May 21, 2015; Sì alla famiglia (Yes to the Family) at http://www.siallafamiglia.it/si-jus/.

7. Stanley Carlson-Thies, Founder of the Institutional Religious Freedom Alliance,

personal communication, February 2, 2015

8. Stanley Carlson-Thies, personal communication.

9. Thomas Schirrmacher, Chairman of the Theological Commission of the World Evangelical Alliance and Director of the International Institute for Religious Freedom, personal communication, May 30, 2015.

10. Julia Doxat-Purser, personal communication.

11. Julia Doxat-Purser, personal communication.

12. John Landrum, personal communication, April 13, 2015.

13. Julia Doxat-Purser. EPRID’s website is at http://www.eprid.eu.

14. See http://religiousfreedomandbusiness.org/.

15. See, for example, the stories recounted by FaithCounts at http://faithcounts.com/who-we-are/.

16. Joe Gorra, Consulting Editor, Philosophia Christi, personal communication August 8, 2015.

17. Stanley Carlson-Thies, personal communication.

18. Dave Landrum, Director of Advocacy for the UK Evangelical Alliance, personal communication, personal communication, April 13, 2015.

19. Albertos Polizogopoulos, personal communication, February 8, 2015.

20. This judgment is based on correspondence with 40 activists and scholars in a dozen western countries. They varied in estimates of how bad the problems are, but none said it was improving, and nearly all said it was worsening.

21. Stanley Carlson-Thies, personal communication.

22. Stanley Carlson-Thies, personal communication. Also see Carlson-Thies and Monsma (2015).

23. Joe Gorra, personal communication, May 15, 2015.

24. Stanley Carlson-Thies, personal communication.

25. Gudrun Kugler, founder of the Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians in Europe, personal communication, April 6, 2015.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Paul Marshall

Paul Marshall is Wilson Professor of Religious Freedom, Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University. He is also Senior Fellow, Leimena Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia; Senior Fellow, Center for Religious Freedom, Hudson Institute, Washington, DC; and Visiting Professor, Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Formerly, he has been a Senior Fellow at Freedom House and has taught at universities in Canada, the United States, and the Netherlands.