Buddhist Protectionism, Political Imaginaries of Belonging, and Prospects for Covenantal Pluralism in Myanmar

Abstract

After decades of military rule in Myanmar, civil society organizations and the National League for Democracy (NLD) have used the opening public space to mount inter-religious dialogue and to raise sensibility for religious freedom in an ethnically and religiously diverse nation. At the same time, the new democratic space is also used by well-resourced Buddhist and nationalist organizations and the military in the name of protecting race and Buddhist religion (sasana). The article argues that it is not clear what democracy in Myanmar means and that its contents are highly contested. However, the promotion of covenantal pluralism seems to be a crucial step towards reconciliation, constitutional protection of religious minorities, and long-lasting peace.

Keywords:

• Myanmar
• religious pluralism
• Buddhism
• nationalism
• religious freedom
• human rights

Acknowledgements

This article is part of this journal's Covenantal Pluralism Series, a project generously supported via a grant to the Institute for Global Engagement from the Templeton Religion Trust.

Notes

1 Readers of Hanna Arendt would be reminded of the fact that the German Nazis waged a propaganda war before entering a full-scale genocidal campaign against the Jews.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Alexander Horstmann

Alexander Horstmann is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Asian Studies at Tallinn University, Estonia, and a senior research partner at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Göttingen, Germany.