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Abstract
An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades. Each clade is discussed in terms of key morphological and ecological traits. At least 11 origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit appear to have evolved in the Agaricales, with possibly as many as nine origins in the Agaricoid plus Tricholomatoid clade alone. A family-based phylogenetic classification is sketched for the Agaricales, in which 30 families, four unplaced tribes and two informally named clades are recognized.
We thank Shlomit Klopman and Ron McGuire for bioinformatic support at Clark University. We also thank Lisa Bukovnik and staff at Duke University for sequencing support, Manfred Binder, Zheng Wang, Maj Padamsee and David McLaughlin for donation of materials, Dennis Oliver of the WTU herbarium for curatorial support and Brian Perry for taxonomic assistance. We thank Roy Halling, Heino Lepp, Dave McLaughlin, Mark Steinmetz and Mykoweb (http://www.mykoweb.com/) for use of photographs. Ideas about the historical classification of agarics were drawn from an unpublished paper titled “Development of Classification of the Macrobasidiomycetes” by D.E Stuntz (University of Washington no date). Financing was provided by National Science Foundation grants DEB 0228657 for the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project, DBI 0320875, NSF 0090301 Research Coordination Network: a phylogeny for kingdom fungi to M. Blackwell, J.W. Spatafora and J.W. Taylor, as well as numerous grants awarded to other co-authors.
