The concept of need: Proposal for a working definition

Abstract

The centrality of the definition of need as the major determinant of both substance and strategy in the conduct of needs assessments in community is highlighted. A definition of need is proposed as a working definition for needs assessment undertakings, and consequently as a foundation for social practice. Need is defined as: the measurable discrepancy existing between a present state of affairs and a desired state of affairs as asserted either by an “owner” of need or ail “authority” on need. In the former instance, need is described as a motivational need; in the latter instance, need is described as a prescriptive need. The definition is fully elaborated from the perspective of community development and adult education. Some implications for practice flowing from (1) the definition of need as discrepancy, and (2) the delineation of need types as either motivational or prescriptive are discussed.