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Abstract
This review focuses on poly(2-oxazoline) containing triblock copolymers and their applications. A detailed overview of the synthetic techniques is provided. Triblock copolymers solely based on poly(2-oxazoline)s can be synthesized by sequential monomer addition utilizing mono- as well as bifunctional initiators for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines. Crossover and coupling techniques enable access to triblock copolymers comprising, e.g., polyesters, poly(dimethylsiloxane)s, or polyacrylates in combination with poly(2-oxazoline) based segments. Besides systematic studies to develop structure property relationships, these polymers have been applied, e.g., in drug delivery, as (functionalized) vesicles, in segmented networks or as nanoreactors.
| Abbreviations | ||
| ABuOx | = | 2-(4-amino)butyl-2-oxazoline; |
| CH3CN | = | acetonitrile; |
| AFM | = | atomic force microscopy; |
| BBMBP | = | 4,4′-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl; |
| bpy(CH2Cl)2 | = | 5,5′-bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine; |
| BuOx | = | 2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline; |
| ButenOx | = | 2-(3-butenyl)-1,3-oxazoline; |
| CEtOx | = | 2-carboxyethyl-2-oxazoline; |
| CinFOx | = | N-(10-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)decyl)cinnamamide; |
| CMC | = | critical micelle concentration; |
| CPOx | = | 2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline; |
| CROP | = | cationic ring-opening polymerization; |
| CTA | = | chain transfer agent; |
| CuACC | = | copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition; |
| DBX | = | α,α′-dibromo-p-xylene; |
| DiFPhOx | = | 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
| DiIP | = | 1,3-diiodopropane; |
| DLS | = | dynamic light scattering; |
| DMSO | = | dimethyl sulfoxide; |
| DMTA | = | dynamic thermal mechanical analysis; |
| DP | = | degree of polymerization; |
| DSC | = | differential scanning calometry; |
| EPOx | = | 2-(1-ethylpentyl)-2-oxazoline; |
| Et(OTs)2 | = | ethylene di(p-toluenesulfonate); |
| EtOx | = | 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline; |
| HeptOx | = | 2-heptyl-2-oxazoline; |
| iBuOx | = | 2-isobutyl-2-oxazoline; |
| iPentOx | = | 2-isopentyl-2-oxazoline; |
| iPrOx | = | 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline; |
| LCST | = | lower critical solution temperature; |
| MALDI-ToF MS | = | matrix assisted laser absorption–desorption ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry; |
| MeONs | = | methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate; |
| MeOTf | = | methyl triflourmethylsulfonate; |
| MeOTs | = | methyl p-toluenesulfonate; |
| MeOx | = | 2-methyl-2-oxazoline; |
| MPEG-OTs | = | poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether p-toluenesulfonate; |
| MTT | = | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; |
| NMP | = | nitroxide mediated polymerization; |
| NonOx | = | 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline; |
| OctOx | = | 2-octyl-2-oxazoline; |
| Ox | = | 2-oxazoline; |
| PBD | = | polybutadiene; |
| PCL | = | polycaprolactone; |
| PDMS | = | polydimethylsiloxane; |
| PEG | = | poly(ethylene glycol); |
| PEI | = | poly(ethylene imine); |
| PentOx | = | 2-n-pentyl-2-oxazoline; |
| PEVE | = | poly(ethyl vinyl ether); |
| PFPhOx | = | (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
| PhOx | = | 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline; |
| PLA | = | poly(lactic acid); |
| PMHS | = | poly(methylhydrosiloxane); |
| POx | = | poly(2-oxazoline)s; |
| PPO | = | poly(propylene oxide); |
| Propargyl-OTs | = | propargyl p-toluenesulfonate; |
| PrOx | = | 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline; |
| PS | = | polystyrene; |
| PTHF | = | polytetrahydrofuran; |
| RAFT | = | reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer; |
| ROP | = | ring-opening polymerization; |
| SAXS | = | small-angle X-ray scattering; |
| SEC | = | size exclusion chromatography; |
| SANS | = | small angle neutron scattering; |
| secBuOx | = | 2-sec-butyl-2-oxazoline; |
| Sn(oct)2 | = | tin(II) octoate; |
| TDBB | = | trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene; |
| TEM | = | transmission electron microscopy; |
| TetFPhOx | = | 2-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
| TREN | = | N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; |
| TriFPhOx | = | 2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-2-oxazoline; |
| UnOx | = | 2-undecyl-2-oxazoline; |
| UV | = | ultraviolet; |
| WAXS | = | wide-angle X-ray scattering |