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Abstract
The provision of energy from a lipid source is an essential component of any parenteral nutrition (PN) therapeutic regimen in the appropriate clinical setting. All available sources of intravenous lipid emulsions have a low osmolarity but they strongly differ in their immunologic effects and their effects on oxidative stress, liver injury and mitochondrial function. The ω−9/ω−6 lipid emulsion with its relative immune-neutrality and also the newer fish oil admixtures are lipid emulsions that can be used in most critically ill and non-critically ill patients. Despite extensive research and encouraging progress in the availability of such lipid emulsions, there is still need for a lipid emulsions that could be advantageous in patients with real hyperinflammation.